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Arabic · Verb Tables · Intermediate

Aḥḍara / yuḥḍiru Conjugation

أَحْضَرَ / يُحْضِرُ (aḥḍara / yuḥḍiru) means "to bring" in Arabic. Present: أنا (anā) أُحْضِرُ (uḥḍiru), أنتَ (anta) تُحْضِرُ (tuḥḍiru), أنتِ (anti) تُحْضِرِينَ (tuḥḍirīna), هو (huwa) يُحْضِرُ (yuḥḍiru), هي (hiya) تُحْضِرُ (tuḥḍiru), نحن (naḥnu) نُحْضِرُ (nuḥḍiru). Below: all 16 tenses we teach, with examples.

Present المضارع المرفوع (al-muḍāriʿ al-marfūʿ)

The present (imperfect) stem takes a person prefix and, for 'you (f.)' and the plurals, a suffix, plus the indicative ending -u (dropped in casual speech). Covers English simple present and present continuous alike ('I write' / 'I am writing') — Arabic does not force a choice between them.

أنا (anā)أُحْضِرُ (uḥḍiru)
أنتَ (anta)تُحْضِرُ (tuḥḍiru)
أنتِ (anti)تُحْضِرِينَ (tuḥḍirīna)
هو (huwa)يُحْضِرُ (yuḥḍiru)
هي (hiya)تُحْضِرُ (tuḥḍiru)
نحن (naḥnu)نُحْضِرُ (nuḥḍiru)
أنتم (antum)تُحْضِرُونَ (tuḥḍirūna)
هم (hum)يُحْضِرُونَ (yuḥḍirūna)

Present continuous

Arabic has no separate progressive verb form; ongoing action is normally just the plain present above. To stress 'right now', speakers instead use the active participle (ism al-fāʿil, here kātib 'writing') as the predicate; it agrees like an adjective (gender/number), not by person, so 'I' and 'you (m.)' share the masculine form shown here and 'she' takes the feminine kātibatun.

أنا (anā)أَنَا مُحْضِرٌ (anā muḥḍirun)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْتَ مُحْضِرٌ (anta muḥḍirun)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْتِ مُحْضِرَةٌ (anti muḥḍiratun)
هو (huwa)هُوَ مُحْضِرٌ (huwa muḥḍirun)
هي (hiya)هِيَ مُحْضِرَةٌ (hiya muḥḍiratun)
نحن (naḥnu)نَحْنُ مُحْضِرُونَ (naḥnu muḥḍirūna)
أنتم (antum)أَنْتُمْ مُحْضِرُونَ (antum muḥḍirūna)
هم (hum)هُمْ مُحْضِرُونَ (hum muḥḍirūna)

Simple past الماضي (al-māḍī)

The past (perfect) stem takes only suffixes for person, gender and number; there is no prefix. Used for any completed action, corresponding to both English simple past ('I wrote') and, in most contexts, present perfect ('I have written').

أنا (anā)أَحْضَرْتُ (aḥḍartu)
أنتَ (anta)أَحْضَرْتَ (aḥḍarta)
أنتِ (anti)أَحْضَرْتِ (aḥḍarti)
هو (huwa)أَحْضَرَ (aḥḍara)
هي (hiya)أَحْضَرَتْ (aḥḍarat)
نحن (naḥnu)أَحْضَرْنَا (aḥḍarnā)
أنتم (antum)أَحْضَرْتُمْ (aḥḍartum)
هم (hum)أَحْضَرُوا (aḥḍarū)

Imperfect (past habitual/ongoing)

No single-word imperfect exists; it is built with kāna (to be, conjugated in the past) followed by the plain present tense of the main verb. Matches English 'was writing' or 'used to write'.

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ أُحْضِرُ (kuntu uḥḍiru)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ تُحْضِرُ (kunta tuḥḍiru)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ تُحْضِرِينَ (kunti tuḥḍirīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ يُحْضِرُ (kāna yuḥḍiru)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ تُحْضِرُ (kānat tuḥḍiru)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا نُحْضِرُ (kunnā nuḥḍiru)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ تُحْضِرُونَ (kuntum tuḥḍirūna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا يُحْضِرُونَ (kānū yuḥḍirūna)

Present perfect

MSA does not distinguish 'I wrote' from 'I have written' morphologically — both are the simple past. The particle قد (qad) placed before the past verb adds the nuance of a completed action with present relevance ('have indeed done'), common in news and formal writing.

أنا (anā)قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُ (qad aḥḍartu)
أنتَ (anta)قَدْ أَحْضَرْتَ (qad aḥḍarta)
أنتِ (anti)قَدْ أَحْضَرْتِ (qad aḥḍarti)
هو (huwa)قَدْ أَحْضَرَ (qad aḥḍara)
هي (hiya)قَدْ أَحْضَرَتْ (qad aḥḍarat)
نحن (naḥnu)قَدْ أَحْضَرْنَا (qad aḥḍarnā)
أنتم (antum)قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُمْ (qad aḥḍartum)
هم (hum)قَدْ أَحْضَرُوا (qad aḥḍarū)

Pluperfect

Built with kāna (past) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'had written'.

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُ (kuntu qad aḥḍartu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتَ (kunta qad aḥḍarta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتِ (kunti qad aḥḍarti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ قَدْ أَحْضَرَ (kāna qad aḥḍara)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ قَدْ أَحْضَرَتْ (kānat qad aḥḍarat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا قَدْ أَحْضَرْنَا (kunnā qad aḥḍarnā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُمْ (kuntum qad aḥḍartum)
هم (hum)كَانُوا قَدْ أَحْضَرُوا (kānū qad aḥḍarū)

Near future المستقبل القريب (al-mustaqbal al-qarīb)

Formed by attaching the prefix سَـ (sa-) directly to the present-tense verb. Used for something the speaker sees as fairly soon or certain — the everyday way to say 'will'.

أنا (anā)سَأُحْضِرُ (sa'uḥḍiru)
أنتَ (anta)سَتُحْضِرُ (satuḥḍiru)
أنتِ (anti)سَتُحْضِرِينَ (satuḥḍirīna)
هو (huwa)سَيُحْضِرُ (sayuḥḍiru)
هي (hiya)سَتُحْضِرُ (satuḥḍiru)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنُحْضِرُ (sanuḥḍiru)
أنتم (antum)سَتُحْضِرُونَ (satuḥḍirūna)
هم (hum)سَيُحْضِرُونَ (sayuḥḍirūna)

Simple future المستقبل (al-mustaqbal)

Formed with the separate word سوف (sawfa) before the present-tense verb instead of the attached سـ. Textbooks treat it as interchangeable with the near future, just a shade more formal or more distant/emphatic.

أنا (anā)سَوْفَ أُحْضِرُ (sawfa uḥḍiru)
أنتَ (anta)سَوْفَ تُحْضِرُ (sawfa tuḥḍiru)
أنتِ (anti)سَوْفَ تُحْضِرِينَ (sawfa tuḥḍirīna)
هو (huwa)سَوْفَ يُحْضِرُ (sawfa yuḥḍiru)
هي (hiya)سَوْفَ تُحْضِرُ (sawfa tuḥḍiru)
نحن (naḥnu)سَوْفَ نُحْضِرُ (sawfa nuḥḍiru)
أنتم (antum)سَوْفَ تُحْضِرُونَ (sawfa tuḥḍirūna)
هم (hum)سَوْفَ يُحْضِرُونَ (sawfa yuḥḍirūna)

Future perfect

Built with سَـ + kūn (the future of kāna) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'will have written'; mainly seen in formal or written registers.

أنا (anā)سَأَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُ (sa'akūnu qad aḥḍartu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتَ (sa-takūnu qad aḥḍarta)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَكُونِينَ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتِ (sa-takūnīna qad aḥḍarti)
هو (huwa)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرَ (sa-yakūnu qad aḥḍara)
هي (hiya)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرَتْ (sa-takūnu qad aḥḍarat)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْنَا (sa-nakūnu qad aḥḍarnā)
أنتم (antum)سَتَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُمْ (sa-takūnūna qad aḥḍartum)
هم (hum)سَيَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَحْضَرُوا (sa-yakūnūna qad aḥḍarū)

Conditional

MSA has no distinct conditional mood. 'Would' in a statement (often reported speech, 'he said he would write') is expressed with kāna (past) + the sa- future: kāna sa-yaktubu, literally 'he was going to write'. Real hypothetical 'if... would' sentences use a different construction (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ سَأُحْضِرُ (kuntu sa'uḥḍiru)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ سَتُحْضِرُ (kunta satuḥḍiru)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ سَتُحْضِرِينَ (kunti satuḥḍirīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ سَيُحْضِرُ (kāna sayuḥḍiru)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ سَتُحْضِرُ (kānat satuḥḍiru)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا سَنُحْضِرُ (kunnā sanuḥḍiru)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ سَتُحْضِرُونَ (kuntum satuḥḍirūna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا سَيُحْضِرُونَ (kānū sayuḥḍirūna)

Conditional perfect

A heavy, mostly written/bookish compound — kāna (past) + sa-akūnu (future of kāna) + qad + the past main verb — for 'would have written'. In practice, most speakers avoid it and rephrase with a لو (law, 'if only') hypothetical sentence instead (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ سَأَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُ (kuntu sa'akūnu qad aḥḍartu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتَ (kunta sa-takūnu qad aḥḍarta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ سَتَكُونِينَ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتِ (kunti sa-takūnīna qad aḥḍarti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرَ (kāna sa-yakūnu qad aḥḍara)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرَتْ (kānat sa-takūnu qad aḥḍarat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا سَنَكُونُ قَدْ أَحْضَرْنَا (kunnā sa-nakūnu qad aḥḍarnā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ سَتَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَحْضَرْتُمْ (kuntum sa-takūnūna qad aḥḍartum)
هم (hum)كَانُوا سَيَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَحْضَرُوا (kānū sa-yakūnūna qad aḥḍarū)

Present subjunctive المضارع المنصوب (al-muḍāriʿ al-manṣūb)

The present stem changes its final ending (marfūʿ -u becomes manṣūb -a, and the nūn of taktubīna/taktubūna/yaktubūna is dropped) after linking particles: أَنْ (an, 'to', joining two verbs), لَنْ (lan, 'will not' — the standard way to negate the future), and كَيْ/لِكَيْ (kay/likay, 'so that') or حَتَّى (ḥattā, 'in order to/until') for purpose.

أنا (anā)أَنْ أُحْضِرَ (an uḥḍira)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْ تُحْضِرَ (an tuḥḍira)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْ تُحْضِرِي (an tuḥḍirī)
هو (huwa)أَنْ يُحْضِرَ (an yuḥḍira)
هي (hiya)أَنْ تُحْضِرَ (an tuḥḍira)
نحن (naḥnu)أَنْ نُحْضِرَ (an nuḥḍira)
أنتم (antum)أَنْ تُحْضِرُوا (an tuḥḍirū)
هم (hum)أَنْ يُحْضِرُوا (an yuḥḍirū)

Negative past (with lam) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

The jussive drops the present tense's final short vowel or nūn ending. Placed after لَمْ (lam, 'did not'), it is the standard formal way to negate a past action — more common in writing than negating the perfect verb with مَا.

أنا (anā)لَمْ أُحْضِرْ (lam uḥḍir)
أنتَ (anta)لَمْ تُحْضِرْ (lam tuḥḍir)
أنتِ (anti)لَمْ تُحْضِرِي (lam tuḥḍirī)
هو (huwa)لَمْ يُحْضِرْ (lam yuḥḍir)
هي (hiya)لَمْ تُحْضِرْ (lam tuḥḍir)
نحن (naḥnu)لَمْ نُحْضِرْ (lam nuḥḍir)
أنتم (antum)لَمْ تُحْضِرُوا (lam tuḥḍirū)
هم (hum)لَمْ يُحْضِرُوا (lam yuḥḍirū)

Conditional (with in) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

After إِنْ (in, 'if'), both the if-clause verb and the result-clause verb take the jussive. This is the main B1–B2 way to build a real, likely conditional ('if you do X, Y will happen'), corresponding to English 'if + present, will + verb'.

أنا (anā)إِنْ أُحْضِرْ (in uḥḍir)
أنتَ (anta)إِنْ تُحْضِرْ (in tuḥḍir)
أنتِ (anti)إِنْ تُحْضِرِي (in tuḥḍirī)
هو (huwa)إِنْ يُحْضِرْ (in yuḥḍir)
هي (hiya)إِنْ تُحْضِرْ (in tuḥḍir)
نحن (naḥnu)إِنْ نُحْضِرْ (in nuḥḍir)
أنتم (antum)إِنْ تُحْضِرُوا (in tuḥḍirū)
هم (hum)إِنْ يُحْضِرُوا (in yuḥḍirū)

Imperative (affirmative) الأمر (al-amr)

Built from the jussive stem: drop the person prefix, and if the stem then starts with two consonants, add a helping alif (اُ-/اِ-) at the front, pronounced with a short u or i. Only exists for the three 'you' forms; other persons use a linking particle instead (e.g. لِيَكْتُبْ, li-yaktub, 'let him write' — not covered at this level).

أنا (anā)—
أنتَ (anta)أَحْضِرْ (aḥḍir)
أنتِ (anti)أَحْضِرِي (aḥḍirī)
هو (huwa)—
هي (hiya)—
نحن (naḥnu)—
أنتم (antum)أَحْضِرُوا (aḥḍirū)
هم (hum)—

Imperative (negative) النهي (an-nahy)

Negative commands are not a separate verb form: they are simply لَا (lā, 'don't') plus the jussive of the same 'you' forms used in the affirmative imperative, unlike English, which reuses the plain verb ('write' → 'don't write').

أنا (anā)—
أنتَ (anta)لَا تُحْضِرْ (lā tuḥḍir)
أنتِ (anti)لَا تُحْضِرِي (lā tuḥḍirī)
هو (huwa)—
هي (hiya)—
نحن (naḥnu)—
أنتم (antum)لَا تُحْضِرُوا (lā tuḥḍirū)
هم (hum)—

Examples

أُحْضِرُ الطَّعَامَ إِلَى الْحَفْلَةِ
uḥḍiru aṭ-ṭaʿāma ilā al-ḥaflati
I bring the food to the party.
هَلْ أَحْضَرْتَ جَوَازَ سَفَرِكَ؟
hal aḥḍarta jawāza safarika?
Did you bring your passport? (past)

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