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Akhadha Conjugation

أَخَذَ (akhadha) means "to take" in Arabic. Simple past: أنا (ana) أَخَذْتُ (akhadhtu), أنتَ (anta) أَخَذْتَ (akhadhta), أنتِ (anti) أَخَذْتِ (akhadhti), هو (huwa) أَخَذَ (akhadha), هي (hiya) أَخَذَتْ (akhadhat), نحن (naḥnu) أَخَذْنَا (akhadhnā). Below: all 20 tenses we teach, with examples.

Simple past الماضي البسيط

Stem + person suffix (كَتَبَ + تُ = كَتَبْتُ). The all-purpose past tense: 'I wrote', 'she sat', 'they drank'.

أنا (ana)أَخَذْتُ (akhadhtu)
أنتَ (anta)أَخَذْتَ (akhadhta)
أنتِ (anti)أَخَذْتِ (akhadhti)
هو (huwa)أَخَذَ (akhadha)
هي (hiya)أَخَذَتْ (akhadhat)
نحن (naḥnu)أَخَذْنَا (akhadhnā)
أنتم (antum)أَخَذْتُمْ (akhadhtum)
أنتنّ (antunna)أَخَذْتُنَّ (akhadhtunna)
هم (hum)أَخَذُوا (akhadhū)
هنّ (hunna)أَخَذْنَ (akhadhna)
أنتما (antumā)أَخَذْتُمَا (akhadhtumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsأَخَذَا (akhadhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenأَخَذَتَا (akhadhatā)

Past continuous الماضي المستمر

كان (conjugated for person) + imperfect indicative of the main verb. An action in progress at a point in the past, like English 'was/were -ing'.

أنا (ana)كُنْتُ آخُذُ (kuntu ākhudhu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ تَأْخُذُ (kunta ta'khudhu)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ تَأْخُذِينَ (kunti ta'khudhīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ يَأْخُذُ (kāna ya'khudhu)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ تَأْخُذُ (kānat ta'khudhu)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا نَأْخُذُ (kunnā na'khudhu)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ تَأْخُذُونَ (kuntum ta'khudhūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)كُنْتُنَّ تَأْخُذْنَ (kuntunna ta'khudhna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ (kānū ya'khudhūna)
هنّ (hunna)كُنَّ يَأْخُذْنَ (kunna ya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)كُنْتُمَا تَأْخُذَانِ (kuntumā ta'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsكَانَا يَأْخُذَانِ (kānā ya'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenكَانَتَا تَأْخُذَانِ (kānatā ta'khudhāni)

Past perfect (pluperfect) الماضي التام / كان قد فعل

كان (conjugated) + قَدْ + perfect of the main verb. An action completed before another past action, like English 'had done'.

أنا (ana)كُنْتُ قَدْ أَخَذْتُ (kuntu qad akhadhtu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ قَدْ أَخَذْتَ (kunta qad akhadhta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ قَدْ أَخَذْتِ (kunti qad akhadhti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ قَدْ أَخَذَ (kāna qad akhadha)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ قَدْ أَخَذَتْ (kānat qad akhadhat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا قَدْ أَخَذْنَا (kunnā qad akhadhnā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ قَدْ أَخَذْتُمْ (kuntum qad akhadhtum)
أنتنّ (antunna)كُنْتُنَّ قَدْ أَخَذْتُنَّ (kuntunna qad akhadhtunna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا قَدْ أَخَذُوا (kānū qad akhadhū)
هنّ (hunna)كُنَّ قَدْ أَخَذْنَ (kunna qad akhadhna)
أنتما (antumā)كُنْتُمَا قَدْ أَخَذْتُمَا (kuntumā qad akhadhtumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsكَانَا قَدْ أَخَذَا (kānā qad akhadhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenكَانَتَا قَدْ أَخَذَتَا (kānatā qad akhadhatā)

Emphatic/recent past (with qad) الماضي مع قد

قَدْ directly before the bare perfect verb marks the action as newsworthy, completed or relevant now — close to an English present perfect ('has/have done'). Very common in news writing and formal narration.

أنا (ana)قَدْ أَخَذْتُ (qad akhadhtu)
أنتَ (anta)قَدْ أَخَذْتَ (qad akhadhta)
أنتِ (anti)قَدْ أَخَذْتِ (qad akhadhti)
هو (huwa)قَدْ أَخَذَ (qad akhadha)
هي (hiya)قَدْ أَخَذَتْ (qad akhadhat)
نحن (naḥnu)قَدْ أَخَذْنَا (qad akhadhnā)
أنتم (antum)قَدْ أَخَذْتُمْ (qad akhadhtum)
أنتنّ (antunna)قَدْ أَخَذْتُنَّ (qad akhadhtunna)
هم (hum)قَدْ أَخَذُوا (qad akhadhū)
هنّ (hunna)قَدْ أَخَذْنَ (qad akhadhna)
أنتما (antumā)قَدْ أَخَذْتُمَا (qad akhadhtumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsقَدْ أَخَذَا (qad akhadhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenقَدْ أَخَذَتَا (qad akhadhatā)

Present (habitual & continuous) المضارع

Prefix + stem + ending, agreeing with the subject. Covers both habitual actions and things happening right now.

أنا (ana)آخُذُ (ākhudhu)
أنتَ (anta)تَأْخُذُ (ta'khudhu)
أنتِ (anti)تَأْخُذِينَ (ta'khudhīna)
هو (huwa)يَأْخُذُ (ya'khudhu)
هي (hiya)تَأْخُذُ (ta'khudhu)
نحن (naḥnu)نَأْخُذُ (na'khudhu)
أنتم (antum)تَأْخُذُونَ (ta'khudhūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)تَأْخُذْنَ (ta'khudhna)
هم (hum)يَأْخُذُونَ (ya'khudhūna)
هنّ (hunna)يَأْخُذْنَ (ya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)تَأْخُذَانِ (ta'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsيَأْخُذَانِ (ya'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenتَأْخُذَانِ (ta'khudhāni)

Future المستقبل

سَـ- (attached, everyday) or سَوْفَ (separate word, more formal/emphatic) + imperfect indicative.

أنا (ana)سَآخُذُ (saākhudhu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَأْخُذُ (sata'khudhu)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَأْخُذِينَ (sata'khudhīna)
هو (huwa)سَيَأْخُذُ (saya'khudhu)
هي (hiya)سَتَأْخُذُ (sata'khudhu)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَأْخُذُ (sana'khudhu)
أنتم (antum)سَتَأْخُذُونَ (sata'khudhūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)سَتَأْخُذْنَ (sata'khudhna)
هم (hum)سَيَأْخُذُونَ (saya'khudhūna)
هنّ (hunna)سَيَأْخُذْنَ (saya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)سَتَأْخُذَانِ (sata'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsسَيَأْخُذَانِ (saya'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenسَتَأْخُذَانِ (sata'khudhāni)

Future continuous مستقبل مستمر (نادر/أدبي)

سَـ/سَوْفَ + imperfect of كان + imperfect indicative of the main verb. Formal/literary; 'will be doing'.

أنا (ana)سَآخُذُ آخُذُ (saākhudhu ākhudhu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَأْخُذُ تَأْخُذُ (sata'khudhu ta'khudhu)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَأْخُذِينَ تَأْخُذِينَ (sata'khudhīna ta'khudhīna)
هو (huwa)سَيَأْخُذُ يَأْخُذُ (saya'khudhu ya'khudhu)
هي (hiya)سَتَأْخُذُ تَأْخُذُ (sata'khudhu ta'khudhu)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَأْخُذُ نَأْخُذُ (sana'khudhu na'khudhu)
أنتم (antum)سَتَأْخُذُونَ تَأْخُذُونَ (sata'khudhūna ta'khudhūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)سَتَأْخُذْنَ تَأْخُذْنَ (sata'khudhna ta'khudhna)
هم (hum)سَيَأْخُذُونَ يَأْخُذُونَ (saya'khudhūna ya'khudhūna)
هنّ (hunna)سَيَأْخُذْنَ يَأْخُذْنَ (saya'khudhna ya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)سَتَأْخُذَانِ تَأْخُذَانِ (sata'khudhāni ta'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsسَيَأْخُذَانِ يَأْخُذَانِ (saya'khudhāni ya'khudhāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenسَتَأْخُذَانِ تَأْخُذَانِ (sata'khudhāni ta'khudhāni)

Future perfect المستقبل التام

سَـ/سَوْفَ + imperfect of كان + قَدْ + perfect of the main verb. 'Will have done'; mostly formal/written style.

أنا (ana)سَآخُذُ قَدْ أَخَذْتُ (saākhudhu qad akhadhtu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَأْخُذُ قَدْ أَخَذْتَ (sata'khudhu qad akhadhta)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَأْخُذِينَ قَدْ أَخَذْتِ (sata'khudhīna qad akhadhti)
هو (huwa)سَيَأْخُذُ قَدْ أَخَذَ (saya'khudhu qad akhadha)
هي (hiya)سَتَأْخُذُ قَدْ أَخَذَتْ (sata'khudhu qad akhadhat)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَأْخُذُ قَدْ أَخَذْنَا (sana'khudhu qad akhadhnā)
أنتم (antum)سَتَأْخُذُونَ قَدْ أَخَذْتُمْ (sata'khudhūna qad akhadhtum)
أنتنّ (antunna)سَتَأْخُذْنَ قَدْ أَخَذْتُنَّ (sata'khudhna qad akhadhtunna)
هم (hum)سَيَأْخُذُونَ قَدْ أَخَذُوا (saya'khudhūna qad akhadhū)
هنّ (hunna)سَيَأْخُذْنَ قَدْ أَخَذْنَ (saya'khudhna qad akhadhna)
أنتما (antumā)سَتَأْخُذَانِ قَدْ أَخَذْتُمَا (sata'khudhāni qad akhadhtumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsسَيَأْخُذَانِ قَدْ أَخَذَا (saya'khudhāni qad akhadhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenسَتَأْخُذَانِ قَدْ أَخَذَتَا (sata'khudhāni qad akhadhatā)

Present subjunctive المضارع المنصوب

أَنْ (or another triggering particle) + subjunctive stem, ending in -a/-ū/-ī/-ā (feminine plural unchanged, -na).

أنا (ana)آخُذَ (ākhudha)
أنتَ (anta)تَأْخُذَ (ta'khudha)
أنتِ (anti)تَأْخُذِي (ta'khudhī)
هو (huwa)يَأْخُذَ (ya'khudha)
هي (hiya)تَأْخُذَ (ta'khudha)
نحن (naḥnu)نَأْخُذَ (na'khudha)
أنتم (antum)تَأْخُذُوا (ta'khudhū)
أنتنّ (antunna)تَأْخُذْنَ (ta'khudhna)
هم (hum)يَأْخُذُوا (ya'khudhū)
هنّ (hunna)يَأْخُذْنَ (ya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)تَأْخُذَا (ta'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsيَأْخُذَا (ya'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenتَأْخُذَا (ta'khudhā)

Perfect subjunctive (literary) المنصوب التام (أدبي)

أَنْ + subjunctive of كان (أكون) + قَدْ + perfect main verb. Rare, formal/literary: 'that I should have done'.

أنا (ana)أَنْ آخُذَ قَدْ أَخَذْتُ (an ākhudha qad akhadhtu)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْ تَأْخُذَ قَدْ أَخَذْتَ (an ta'khudha qad akhadhta)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْ تَأْخُذِي قَدْ أَخَذْتِ (an ta'khudhī qad akhadhti)
هو (huwa)أَنْ يَأْخُذَ قَدْ أَخَذَ (an ya'khudha qad akhadha)
هي (hiya)أَنْ تَأْخُذَ قَدْ أَخَذَتْ (an ta'khudha qad akhadhat)
نحن (naḥnu)أَنْ نَأْخُذَ قَدْ أَخَذْنَا (an na'khudha qad akhadhnā)
أنتم (antum)أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا قَدْ أَخَذْتُمْ (an ta'khudhū qad akhadhtum)
أنتنّ (antunna)أَنْ تَأْخُذْنَ قَدْ أَخَذْتُنَّ (an ta'khudhna qad akhadhtunna)
هم (hum)أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا قَدْ أَخَذُوا (an ya'khudhū qad akhadhū)
هنّ (hunna)أَنْ يَأْخُذْنَ قَدْ أَخَذْنَ (an ya'khudhna qad akhadhna)
أنتما (antumā)أَنْ تَأْخُذَا قَدْ أَخَذْتُمَا (an ta'khudhā qad akhadhtumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsأَنْ يَأْخُذَا قَدْ أَخَذَا (an ya'khudhā qad akhadhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenأَنْ تَأْخُذَا قَدْ أَخَذَتَا (an ta'khudhā qad akhadhatā)

Negative past (لم + jussive) لم + المجزوم

لَمْ + jussive. The normal, slightly more formal way to negate a simple past action (alternative to مَا + perfect).

أنا (ana)لَمْ آخُذْ (lam ākhudh)
أنتَ (anta)لَمْ تَأْخُذْ (lam ta'khudh)
أنتِ (anti)لَمْ تَأْخُذِي (lam ta'khudhī)
هو (huwa)لَمْ يَأْخُذْ (lam ya'khudh)
هي (hiya)لَمْ تَأْخُذْ (lam ta'khudh)
نحن (naḥnu)لَمْ نَأْخُذْ (lam na'khudh)
أنتم (antum)لَمْ تَأْخُذُوا (lam ta'khudhū)
أنتنّ (antunna)لَمْ تَأْخُذْنَ (lam ta'khudhna)
هم (hum)لَمْ يَأْخُذُوا (lam ya'khudhū)
هنّ (hunna)لَمْ يَأْخُذْنَ (lam ya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)لَمْ تَأْخُذَا (lam ta'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsلَمْ يَأْخُذَا (lam ya'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenلَمْ تَأْخُذَا (lam ta'khudhā)

Real conditional (إن + jussive) جملة الشرط الجازم

إِنْ (or مَنْ/مَا/مَهْمَا) + jussive in the if-clause, jussive again in the result clause. Literary/formal 'if' for open, realistic conditions; إِذَا + past is the everyday equivalent.

أنا (ana)إِنْ آخُذْ (in ākhudh)
أنتَ (anta)إِنْ تَأْخُذْ (in ta'khudh)
أنتِ (anti)إِنْ تَأْخُذِي (in ta'khudhī)
هو (huwa)إِنْ يَأْخُذْ (in ya'khudh)
هي (hiya)إِنْ تَأْخُذْ (in ta'khudh)
نحن (naḥnu)إِنْ نَأْخُذْ (in na'khudh)
أنتم (antum)إِنْ تَأْخُذُوا (in ta'khudhū)
أنتنّ (antunna)إِنْ تَأْخُذْنَ (in ta'khudhna)
هم (hum)إِنْ يَأْخُذُوا (in ya'khudhū)
هنّ (hunna)إِنْ يَأْخُذْنَ (in ya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)إِنْ تَأْخُذَا (in ta'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsإِنْ يَأْخُذَا (in ya'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenإِنْ تَأْخُذَا (in ta'khudhā)

Indirect/third-person command لام الأمر

لِـ (li-, sometimes لْـ after و/ف) + jussive. Expresses 'let him/her/them/us' — a command or wish about someone other than 'you'.

أنا (ana)لِآخُذْ (liākhudh)
أنتَ (anta)— (—)
أنتِ (anti)— (—)
هو (huwa)لِيَأْخُذْ (liya'khudh)
هي (hiya)لِتَأْخُذْ (lita'khudh)
نحن (naḥnu)لِنَأْخُذْ (lina'khudh)
أنتم (antum)— (—)
أنتنّ (antunna)— (—)
هم (hum)لِيَأْخُذُوا (liya'khudhū)
هنّ (hunna)لِيَأْخُذْنَ (liya'khudhna)
أنتما (antumā)— (—)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsلِيَأْخُذَا (liya'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenلِتَأْخُذَا (lita'khudhā)

Affirmative imperative الأمر

Jussive minus subject prefix, plus a helping اُ-/اِ- at the front. Only 2nd-person forms exist.

أنا (ana)— (—)
أنتَ (anta)خُذْ (khudh)
أنتِ (anti)خُذِي (khudhī)
هو (huwa)— (—)
هي (hiya)— (—)
نحن (naḥnu)— (—)
أنتم (antum)خُذُوا (khudhū)
أنتنّ (antunna)خُذْنَ (khudhna)
هم (hum)— (—)
هنّ (hunna)— (—)
أنتما (antumā)خُذَا (khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two men/things— (—)
هما (humā) — the two women— (—)

Negative imperative (prohibitive) النهي

لَا (lā, the 'prohibitive' لا) + jussive, keeping the subject prefix. 'Don't do'.

أنا (ana)— (—)
أنتَ (anta)لَا تَأْخُذْ (lā ta'khudh)
أنتِ (anti)لَا تَأْخُذِي (lā ta'khudhī)
هو (huwa)— (—)
هي (hiya)— (—)
نحن (naḥnu)— (—)
أنتم (antum)لَا تَأْخُذُوا (lā ta'khudhū)
أنتنّ (antunna)لَا تَأْخُذْنَ (lā ta'khudhna)
هم (hum)— (—)
هنّ (hunna)— (—)
أنتما (antumā)لَا تَأْخُذَا (lā ta'khudhā)
هما (humā) — the two men/things— (—)
هما (humā) — the two women— (—)

Real conditional (إذا/إن + past) الشرط الحقيقي

إِذَا (everyday) or إِنْ (more formal) + perfect in the if-clause; perfect, jussive or imperative in the result clause. Used for realistic 'if' situations, regardless of the real-world tense.

أنا (ana)إِذَا أَخَذْتُ (idhā akhadhtu)
أنتَ (anta)إِذَا أَخَذْتَ (idhā akhadhta)
أنتِ (anti)إِذَا أَخَذْتِ (idhā akhadhti)
هو (huwa)إِذَا أَخَذَ (idhā akhadha)
هي (hiya)إِذَا أَخَذَتْ (idhā akhadhat)
نحن (naḥnu)إِذَا أَخَذْنَا (idhā akhadhnā)
أنتم (antum)إِذَا أَخَذْتُمْ (idhā akhadhtum)
أنتنّ (antunna)إِذَا أَخَذْتُنَّ (idhā akhadhtunna)
هم (hum)إِذَا أَخَذُوا (idhā akhadhū)
هنّ (hunna)إِذَا أَخَذْنَ (idhā akhadhna)
أنتما (antumā)إِذَا أَخَذْتُمَا (idhā akhadhtumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsإِذَا أَخَذَا (idhā akhadhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenإِذَا أَخَذَتَا (idhā akhadhatā)

Unreal / counterfactual conditional (لو + past) الشرط الامتناعي

لَوْ + perfect in the if-clause; لَـ + perfect in the result clause. A condition presented as untrue or unfulfilled — 'if I had... I would have...'.

أنا (ana)لَوْ أَخَذْتُ (law akhadhtu)
أنتَ (anta)لَوْ أَخَذْتَ (law akhadhta)
أنتِ (anti)لَوْ أَخَذْتِ (law akhadhti)
هو (huwa)لَوْ أَخَذَ (law akhadha)
هي (hiya)لَوْ أَخَذَتْ (law akhadhat)
نحن (naḥnu)لَوْ أَخَذْنَا (law akhadhnā)
أنتم (antum)لَوْ أَخَذْتُمْ (law akhadhtum)
أنتنّ (antunna)لَوْ أَخَذْتُنَّ (law akhadhtunna)
هم (hum)لَوْ أَخَذُوا (law akhadhū)
هنّ (hunna)لَوْ أَخَذْنَ (law akhadhna)
أنتما (antumā)لَوْ أَخَذْتُمَا (law akhadhtumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsلَوْ أَخَذَا (law akhadhā)
هما (humā) — the two womenلَوْ أَخَذَتَا (law akhadhatā)

Verbal noun (maṣdar, ~infinitive) المصدر

A noun derived from the root, unpredictable in shape for Form I (has to be learned per verb) but fully predictable for Forms II–X. Used after prepositions and as the equivalent of an English gerund/infinitive ('writing', 'to write').

أَخْذ (akhdh)

Active participle اسم الفاعل

Pattern fā'il for Form I. Means 'one who does/is doing X'; often used like an English present participle or even to express a near-present/recent-past event.

آخِذ (ākhidh)

Passive participle اسم المفعول

Pattern maf'ūl for Form I (transitive verbs only). Means '(that which has been) done to' — 'written', 'drunk'.

مَأْخُوذ (ma'khūdh)

Examples

أَخَذَتْ حَقِيبَتَهَا وَغَادَرَتْ.
akhadhat ḥaqībatahā wa-ghādarat.
She took her bag and left.
سَآخُذُ الْمِظَلَّةَ اِحْتِيَاطًا.
sa'ākhudhu al-miẓallata iḥtiyāṭan.
I will take the umbrella just in case.

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