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Amsaka / yumsiku Conjugation

أَمْسَكَ / يُمْسِكُ (amsaka / yumsiku) means "to hold" in Arabic. Present: أنا (anā) أُمْسِكُ (umsiku), أنتَ (anta) تُمْسِكُ (tumsiku), أنتِ (anti) تُمْسِكِينَ (tumsikīna), هو (huwa) يُمْسِكُ (yumsiku), هي (hiya) تُمْسِكُ (tumsiku), نحن (naḥnu) نُمْسِكُ (numsiku). Below: all 16 tenses we teach, with examples.

Present المضارع المرفوع (al-muḍāriʿ al-marfūʿ)

The present (imperfect) stem takes a person prefix and, for 'you (f.)' and the plurals, a suffix, plus the indicative ending -u (dropped in casual speech). Covers English simple present and present continuous alike ('I write' / 'I am writing') — Arabic does not force a choice between them.

أنا (anā)أُمْسِكُ (umsiku)
أنتَ (anta)تُمْسِكُ (tumsiku)
أنتِ (anti)تُمْسِكِينَ (tumsikīna)
هو (huwa)يُمْسِكُ (yumsiku)
هي (hiya)تُمْسِكُ (tumsiku)
نحن (naḥnu)نُمْسِكُ (numsiku)
أنتم (antum)تُمْسِكُونَ (tumsikūna)
هم (hum)يُمْسِكُونَ (yumsikūna)

Present continuous

Arabic has no separate progressive verb form; ongoing action is normally just the plain present above. To stress 'right now', speakers instead use the active participle (ism al-fāʿil, here kātib 'writing') as the predicate; it agrees like an adjective (gender/number), not by person, so 'I' and 'you (m.)' share the masculine form shown here and 'she' takes the feminine kātibatun.

أنا (anā)أَنَا مُمْسِكٌ (anā mumsikun)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْتَ مُمْسِكٌ (anta mumsikun)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْتِ مُمْسِكَةٌ (anti mumsikatun)
هو (huwa)هُوَ مُمْسِكٌ (huwa mumsikun)
هي (hiya)هِيَ مُمْسِكَةٌ (hiya mumsikatun)
نحن (naḥnu)نَحْنُ مُمْسِكُونَ (naḥnu mumsikūna)
أنتم (antum)أَنْتُمْ مُمْسِكُونَ (antum mumsikūna)
هم (hum)هُمْ مُمْسِكُونَ (hum mumsikūna)

Simple past الماضي (al-māḍī)

The past (perfect) stem takes only suffixes for person, gender and number; there is no prefix. Used for any completed action, corresponding to both English simple past ('I wrote') and, in most contexts, present perfect ('I have written').

أنا (anā)أَمْسَكْتُ (amsaktu)
أنتَ (anta)أَمْسَكْتَ (amsakta)
أنتِ (anti)أَمْسَكْتِ (amsakti)
هو (huwa)أَمْسَكَ (amsaka)
هي (hiya)أَمْسَكَتْ (amsakat)
نحن (naḥnu)أَمْسَكْنَا (amsaknā)
أنتم (antum)أَمْسَكْتُمْ (amsaktum)
هم (hum)أَمْسَكُوا (amsakū)

Imperfect (past habitual/ongoing)

No single-word imperfect exists; it is built with kāna (to be, conjugated in the past) followed by the plain present tense of the main verb. Matches English 'was writing' or 'used to write'.

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ أُمْسِكُ (kuntu umsiku)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ تُمْسِكُ (kunta tumsiku)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ تُمْسِكِينَ (kunti tumsikīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ يُمْسِكُ (kāna yumsiku)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ تُمْسِكُ (kānat tumsiku)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا نُمْسِكُ (kunnā numsiku)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ تُمْسِكُونَ (kuntum tumsikūna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا يُمْسِكُونَ (kānū yumsikūna)

Present perfect

MSA does not distinguish 'I wrote' from 'I have written' morphologically — both are the simple past. The particle قد (qad) placed before the past verb adds the nuance of a completed action with present relevance ('have indeed done'), common in news and formal writing.

أنا (anā)قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُ (qad amsaktu)
أنتَ (anta)قَدْ أَمْسَكْتَ (qad amsakta)
أنتِ (anti)قَدْ أَمْسَكْتِ (qad amsakti)
هو (huwa)قَدْ أَمْسَكَ (qad amsaka)
هي (hiya)قَدْ أَمْسَكَتْ (qad amsakat)
نحن (naḥnu)قَدْ أَمْسَكْنَا (qad amsaknā)
أنتم (antum)قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُمْ (qad amsaktum)
هم (hum)قَدْ أَمْسَكُوا (qad amsakū)

Pluperfect

Built with kāna (past) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'had written'.

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُ (kuntu qad amsaktu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتَ (kunta qad amsakta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتِ (kunti qad amsakti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ قَدْ أَمْسَكَ (kāna qad amsaka)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ قَدْ أَمْسَكَتْ (kānat qad amsakat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا قَدْ أَمْسَكْنَا (kunnā qad amsaknā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُمْ (kuntum qad amsaktum)
هم (hum)كَانُوا قَدْ أَمْسَكُوا (kānū qad amsakū)

Near future المستقبل القريب (al-mustaqbal al-qarīb)

Formed by attaching the prefix سَـ (sa-) directly to the present-tense verb. Used for something the speaker sees as fairly soon or certain — the everyday way to say 'will'.

أنا (anā)سَأُمْسِكُ (sa'umsiku)
أنتَ (anta)سَتُمْسِكُ (satumsiku)
أنتِ (anti)سَتُمْسِكِينَ (satumsikīna)
هو (huwa)سَيُمْسِكُ (sayumsiku)
هي (hiya)سَتُمْسِكُ (satumsiku)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنُمْسِكُ (sanumsiku)
أنتم (antum)سَتُمْسِكُونَ (satumsikūna)
هم (hum)سَيُمْسِكُونَ (sayumsikūna)

Simple future المستقبل (al-mustaqbal)

Formed with the separate word سوف (sawfa) before the present-tense verb instead of the attached سـ. Textbooks treat it as interchangeable with the near future, just a shade more formal or more distant/emphatic.

أنا (anā)سَوْفَ أُمْسِكُ (sawfa umsiku)
أنتَ (anta)سَوْفَ تُمْسِكُ (sawfa tumsiku)
أنتِ (anti)سَوْفَ تُمْسِكِينَ (sawfa tumsikīna)
هو (huwa)سَوْفَ يُمْسِكُ (sawfa yumsiku)
هي (hiya)سَوْفَ تُمْسِكُ (sawfa tumsiku)
نحن (naḥnu)سَوْفَ نُمْسِكُ (sawfa numsiku)
أنتم (antum)سَوْفَ تُمْسِكُونَ (sawfa tumsikūna)
هم (hum)سَوْفَ يُمْسِكُونَ (sawfa yumsikūna)

Future perfect

Built with سَـ + kūn (the future of kāna) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'will have written'; mainly seen in formal or written registers.

أنا (anā)سَأَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُ (sa'akūnu qad amsaktu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتَ (sa-takūnu qad amsakta)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَكُونِينَ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتِ (sa-takūnīna qad amsakti)
هو (huwa)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكَ (sa-yakūnu qad amsaka)
هي (hiya)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكَتْ (sa-takūnu qad amsakat)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكْنَا (sa-nakūnu qad amsaknā)
أنتم (antum)سَتَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُمْ (sa-takūnūna qad amsaktum)
هم (hum)سَيَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَمْسَكُوا (sa-yakūnūna qad amsakū)

Conditional

MSA has no distinct conditional mood. 'Would' in a statement (often reported speech, 'he said he would write') is expressed with kāna (past) + the sa- future: kāna sa-yaktubu, literally 'he was going to write'. Real hypothetical 'if... would' sentences use a different construction (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ سَأُمْسِكُ (kuntu sa'umsiku)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ سَتُمْسِكُ (kunta satumsiku)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ سَتُمْسِكِينَ (kunti satumsikīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ سَيُمْسِكُ (kāna sayumsiku)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ سَتُمْسِكُ (kānat satumsiku)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا سَنُمْسِكُ (kunnā sanumsiku)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ سَتُمْسِكُونَ (kuntum satumsikūna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا سَيُمْسِكُونَ (kānū sayumsikūna)

Conditional perfect

A heavy, mostly written/bookish compound — kāna (past) + sa-akūnu (future of kāna) + qad + the past main verb — for 'would have written'. In practice, most speakers avoid it and rephrase with a لو (law, 'if only') hypothetical sentence instead (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ سَأَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُ (kuntu sa'akūnu qad amsaktu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتَ (kunta sa-takūnu qad amsakta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ سَتَكُونِينَ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتِ (kunti sa-takūnīna qad amsakti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكَ (kāna sa-yakūnu qad amsaka)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ سَتَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكَتْ (kānat sa-takūnu qad amsakat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا سَنَكُونُ قَدْ أَمْسَكْنَا (kunnā sa-nakūnu qad amsaknā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ سَتَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَمْسَكْتُمْ (kuntum sa-takūnūna qad amsaktum)
هم (hum)كَانُوا سَيَكُونُونَ قَدْ أَمْسَكُوا (kānū sa-yakūnūna qad amsakū)

Present subjunctive المضارع المنصوب (al-muḍāriʿ al-manṣūb)

The present stem changes its final ending (marfūʿ -u becomes manṣūb -a, and the nūn of taktubīna/taktubūna/yaktubūna is dropped) after linking particles: أَنْ (an, 'to', joining two verbs), لَنْ (lan, 'will not' — the standard way to negate the future), and كَيْ/لِكَيْ (kay/likay, 'so that') or حَتَّى (ḥattā, 'in order to/until') for purpose.

أنا (anā)أَنْ أُمْسِكَ (an umsika)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْ تُمْسِكَ (an tumsika)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْ تُمْسِكِي (an tumsikī)
هو (huwa)أَنْ يُمْسِكَ (an yumsika)
هي (hiya)أَنْ تُمْسِكَ (an tumsika)
نحن (naḥnu)أَنْ نُمْسِكَ (an numsika)
أنتم (antum)أَنْ تُمْسِكُوا (an tumsikū)
هم (hum)أَنْ يُمْسِكُوا (an yumsikū)

Negative past (with lam) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

The jussive drops the present tense's final short vowel or nūn ending. Placed after لَمْ (lam, 'did not'), it is the standard formal way to negate a past action — more common in writing than negating the perfect verb with مَا.

أنا (anā)لَمْ أُمْسِكْ (lam umsik)
أنتَ (anta)لَمْ تُمْسِكْ (lam tumsik)
أنتِ (anti)لَمْ تُمْسِكِي (lam tumsikī)
هو (huwa)لَمْ يُمْسِكْ (lam yumsik)
هي (hiya)لَمْ تُمْسِكْ (lam tumsik)
نحن (naḥnu)لَمْ نُمْسِكْ (lam numsik)
أنتم (antum)لَمْ تُمْسِكُوا (lam tumsikū)
هم (hum)لَمْ يُمْسِكُوا (lam yumsikū)

Conditional (with in) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

After إِنْ (in, 'if'), both the if-clause verb and the result-clause verb take the jussive. This is the main B1–B2 way to build a real, likely conditional ('if you do X, Y will happen'), corresponding to English 'if + present, will + verb'.

أنا (anā)إِنْ أُمْسِكْ (in umsik)
أنتَ (anta)إِنْ تُمْسِكْ (in tumsik)
أنتِ (anti)إِنْ تُمْسِكِي (in tumsikī)
هو (huwa)إِنْ يُمْسِكْ (in yumsik)
هي (hiya)إِنْ تُمْسِكْ (in tumsik)
نحن (naḥnu)إِنْ نُمْسِكْ (in numsik)
أنتم (antum)إِنْ تُمْسِكُوا (in tumsikū)
هم (hum)إِنْ يُمْسِكُوا (in yumsikū)

Imperative (affirmative) الأمر (al-amr)

Built from the jussive stem: drop the person prefix, and if the stem then starts with two consonants, add a helping alif (اُ-/اِ-) at the front, pronounced with a short u or i. Only exists for the three 'you' forms; other persons use a linking particle instead (e.g. لِيَكْتُبْ, li-yaktub, 'let him write' — not covered at this level).

أنا (anā)—
أنتَ (anta)أَمْسِكْ (amsik)
أنتِ (anti)أَمْسِكِي (amsikī)
هو (huwa)—
هي (hiya)—
نحن (naḥnu)—
أنتم (antum)أَمْسِكُوا (amsikū)
هم (hum)—

Imperative (negative) النهي (an-nahy)

Negative commands are not a separate verb form: they are simply لَا (lā, 'don't') plus the jussive of the same 'you' forms used in the affirmative imperative, unlike English, which reuses the plain verb ('write' → 'don't write').

أنا (anā)—
أنتَ (anta)لَا تُمْسِكْ (lā tumsik)
أنتِ (anti)لَا تُمْسِكِي (lā tumsikī)
هو (huwa)—
هي (hiya)—
نحن (naḥnu)—
أنتم (antum)لَا تُمْسِكُوا (lā tumsikū)
هم (hum)—

Examples

أُمْسِكُ يَدَ ابْنِي فِي الشَّارِعِ
umsiku yada ibnī fī ash-shāriʿi
I hold my son's hand in the street.
أَمْسَكَتِ الشُّرْطَةُ بِاللِّصِّ
amsakat ash-shurṭatu bil-liṣṣi
The police caught (held) the thief.

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