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ʿinda + pronoun suffix Conjugation

عِنْدَ + pronoun suffix (ʿinda + pronoun suffix) means "to have" in Arabic. Present: أنا (anā) عِنْدِي [ʿindī], أنتَ (anta) عِنْدَكَ [ʿindaka], أنتِ (anti) عِنْدَكِ [ʿindaki], هو (huwa) عِنْدَهُ [ʿindahu], هي (hiya) عِنْدَها [ʿindahā], نحن (naḥnu) عِنْدَنا [ʿindanā]. Below: all 14 tenses we teach, with examples.

Present المضارع المرفوع (al-muḍāriʿ al-marfūʿ)

The present (imperfect) stem takes a person prefix and, for 'you (f.)' and the plurals, a suffix, plus the indicative ending -u (dropped in casual speech). Covers English simple present and present continuous alike ('I write' / 'I am writing') — Arabic does not force a choice between them.

أنا (anā)عِنْدِي [ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)عِنْدَكَ [ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)عِنْدَكِ [ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)عِنْدَهُ [ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)عِنْدَها [ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)عِنْدَنا [ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)عِنْدَكُمْ [ʿindakum]
هم (hum)عِنْدَهُمْ [ʿindahum]

Present continuous

Arabic has no separate progressive verb form; ongoing action is normally just the plain present above. To stress 'right now', speakers instead use the active participle (ism al-fāʿil, here kātib 'writing') as the predicate; it agrees like an adjective (gender/number), not by person, so 'I' and 'you (m.)' share the masculine form shown here and 'she' takes the feminine kātibatun.

أنا (anā)عِنْدِي [ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)عِنْدَكَ [ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)عِنْدَكِ [ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)عِنْدَهُ [ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)عِنْدَها [ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)عِنْدَنا [ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)عِنْدَكُمْ [ʿindakum]
هم (hum)عِنْدَهُمْ [ʿindahum]

Simple past الماضي (al-māḍī)

The past (perfect) stem takes only suffixes for person, gender and number; there is no prefix. Used for any completed action, corresponding to both English simple past ('I wrote') and, in most contexts, present perfect ('I have written').

أنا (anā)كانَ عِنْدِي [kāna ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)كانَ عِنْدَكَ [kāna ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)كانَ عِنْدَكِ [kāna ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)كانَ عِنْدَهُ [kāna ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)كانَ عِنْدَها [kāna ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)كانَ عِنْدَنا [kāna ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)كانَ عِنْدَكُمْ [kāna ʿindakum]
هم (hum)كانَ عِنْدَهُمْ [kāna ʿindahum]

Imperfect (past habitual/ongoing)

No single-word imperfect exists; it is built with kāna (to be, conjugated in the past) followed by the plain present tense of the main verb. Matches English 'was writing' or 'used to write'.

أنا (anā)كانَ عِنْدِي [kāna ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)كانَ عِنْدَكَ [kāna ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)كانَ عِنْدَكِ [kāna ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)كانَ عِنْدَهُ [kāna ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)كانَ عِنْدَها [kāna ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)كانَ عِنْدَنا [kāna ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)كانَ عِنْدَكُمْ [kāna ʿindakum]
هم (hum)كانَ عِنْدَهُمْ [kāna ʿindahum]

Present perfect

MSA does not distinguish 'I wrote' from 'I have written' morphologically — both are the simple past. The particle قد (qad) placed before the past verb adds the nuance of a completed action with present relevance ('have indeed done'), common in news and formal writing.

أنا (anā)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدِي [qad kāna ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكَ [qad kāna ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكِ [qad kāna ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُ [qad kāna ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَها [qad kāna ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَنا [qad kāna ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكُمْ [qad kāna ʿindakum]
هم (hum)قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُمْ [qad kāna ʿindahum]

Pluperfect

Built with kāna (past) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'had written'.

أنا (anā)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدِي [kāna qad kāna ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكَ [kāna qad kāna ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكِ [kāna qad kāna ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُ [kāna qad kāna ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَها [kāna qad kāna ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَنا [kāna qad kāna ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكُمْ [kāna qad kāna ʿindakum]
هم (hum)كانَ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُمْ [kāna qad kāna ʿindahum]

Near future المستقبل القريب (al-mustaqbal al-qarīb)

Formed by attaching the prefix سَـ (sa-) directly to the present-tense verb. Used for something the speaker sees as fairly soon or certain — the everyday way to say 'will'.

أنا (anā)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدِي [sa-yakūnu ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَكَ [sa-yakūnu ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَكِ [sa-yakūnu ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ [sa-yakūnu ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَها [sa-yakūnu ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَنا [sa-yakūnu ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَكُمْ [sa-yakūnu ʿindakum]
هم (hum)سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَهُمْ [sa-yakūnu ʿindahum]

Simple future المستقبل (al-mustaqbal)

Formed with the separate word سوف (sawfa) before the present-tense verb instead of the attached سـ. Textbooks treat it as interchangeable with the near future, just a shade more formal or more distant/emphatic.

أنا (anā)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدِي [sawfa yakūnu ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَكَ [sawfa yakūnu ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَكِ [sawfa yakūnu ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ [sawfa yakūnu ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَها [sawfa yakūnu ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَنا [sawfa yakūnu ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَكُمْ [sawfa yakūnu ʿindakum]
هم (hum)سَوْفَ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُمْ [sawfa yakūnu ʿindahum]

Future perfect

Built with سَـ + kūn (the future of kāna) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'will have written'; mainly seen in formal or written registers.

أنا (anā)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدِي [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكَ [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكِ [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُ [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَها [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَنا [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكُمْ [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindakum]
هم (hum)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُمْ [sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindahum]

Conditional

MSA has no distinct conditional mood. 'Would' in a statement (often reported speech, 'he said he would write') is expressed with kāna (past) + the sa- future: kāna sa-yaktubu, literally 'he was going to write'. Real hypothetical 'if... would' sentences use a different construction (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدِي [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَكَ [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَكِ [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَها [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَنا [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَكُمْ [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindakum]
هم (hum)كانَ سَيَكُونُ عِنْدَهُمْ [kāna sa-yakūnu ʿindahum]

Conditional perfect

A heavy, mostly written/bookish compound — kāna (past) + sa-akūnu (future of kāna) + qad + the past main verb — for 'would have written'. In practice, most speakers avoid it and rephrase with a لو (law, 'if only') hypothetical sentence instead (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدِي [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكَ [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكِ [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُ [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَها [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَنا [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَكُمْ [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindakum]
هم (hum)كانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ كانَ عِنْدَهُمْ [kāna sa-yakūnu qad kāna ʿindahum]

Present subjunctive المضارع المنصوب (al-muḍāriʿ al-manṣūb)

The present stem changes its final ending (marfūʿ -u becomes manṣūb -a, and the nūn of taktubīna/taktubūna/yaktubūna is dropped) after linking particles: أَنْ (an, 'to', joining two verbs), لَنْ (lan, 'will not' — the standard way to negate the future), and كَيْ/لِكَيْ (kay/likay, 'so that') or حَتَّى (ḥattā, 'in order to/until') for purpose.

أنا (anā)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدِي [an yakūna ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَكَ [an yakūna ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَكِ [an yakūna ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَهُ [an yakūna ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَها [an yakūna ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَنا [an yakūna ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَكُمْ [an yakūna ʿindakum]
هم (hum)أَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَهُمْ [an yakūna ʿindahum]

Negative past (with lam) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

The jussive drops the present tense's final short vowel or nūn ending. Placed after لَمْ (lam, 'did not'), it is the standard formal way to negate a past action — more common in writing than negating the perfect verb with مَا.

أنا (anā)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدِي [lam yakun ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكَ [lam yakun ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكِ [lam yakun ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ [lam yakun ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَها [lam yakun ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَنا [lam yakun ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكُمْ [lam yakun ʿindakum]
هم (hum)لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ [lam yakun ʿindahum]

Conditional (with in) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

After إِنْ (in, 'if'), both the if-clause verb and the result-clause verb take the jussive. This is the main B1–B2 way to build a real, likely conditional ('if you do X, Y will happen'), corresponding to English 'if + present, will + verb'.

أنا (anā)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدِي [in yakun ʿindī]
أنتَ (anta)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكَ [in yakun ʿindaka]
أنتِ (anti)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكِ [in yakun ʿindaki]
هو (huwa)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ [in yakun ʿindahu]
هي (hiya)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَها [in yakun ʿindahā]
نحن (naḥnu)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَنا [in yakun ʿindanā]
أنتم (antum)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكُمْ [in yakun ʿindakum]
هم (hum)إِنْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُمْ [in yakun ʿindahum]

Examples

عِنْدِي مَوْعِدٌ اليَوْمَ.
ʿindī mawʿidun al-yawma.
I have an appointment today.
كانَ عِنْدَنا وَقْتٌ طَوِيلٌ.
kāna ʿindanā waqtun ṭawīlun.
We had a lot of time.

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