Language Trip

Conjugation › Arabic › Ishtarā

Arabic · Verb Tables · Advanced

Ishtarā Conjugation

اِشْتَرَى (ishtarā) means "to buy" in Arabic. Simple past: أنا (ana) اِشْتَرَيْتُ (ishtaraytu), أنتَ (anta) اِشْتَرَيْتَ (ishtarayta), أنتِ (anti) اِشْتَرَيْتِ (ishtarayti), هو (huwa) اِشْتَرَى (ishtarā), هي (hiya) اِشْتَرَتْ (ishtarat), نحن (naḥnu) اِشْتَرَيْنَا (ishtaraynā). Below: all 20 tenses we teach, with examples.

Simple past الماضي البسيط

Stem + person suffix (كَتَبَ + تُ = كَتَبْتُ). The all-purpose past tense: 'I wrote', 'she sat', 'they drank'.

أنا (ana)اِشْتَرَيْتُ (ishtaraytu)
أنتَ (anta)اِشْتَرَيْتَ (ishtarayta)
أنتِ (anti)اِشْتَرَيْتِ (ishtarayti)
هو (huwa)اِشْتَرَى (ishtarā)
هي (hiya)اِشْتَرَتْ (ishtarat)
نحن (naḥnu)اِشْتَرَيْنَا (ishtaraynā)
أنتم (antum)اِشْتَرَيْتُمْ (ishtaraytum)
أنتنّ (antunna)اِشْتَرَيْتُنَّ (ishtaraytunna)
هم (hum)اِشْتَرَوْا (ishtaraw)
هنّ (hunna)اِشْتَرَيْنَ (ishtarayna)
أنتما (antumā)اِشْتَرَيْتُمَا (ishtaraytumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsاِشْتَرَيَا (ishtarayā)
هما (humā) — the two womenاِشْتَرَتَا (ishtaratā)

Past continuous الماضي المستمر

كان (conjugated for person) + imperfect indicative of the main verb. An action in progress at a point in the past, like English 'was/were -ing'.

أنا (ana)كُنْتُ أَشْتَرِي (kuntu ashtarī)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ تَشْتَرِي (kunta tashtarī)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ تَشْتَرِينَ (kunti tashtarīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ يَشْتَرِي (kāna yashtarī)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ تَشْتَرِي (kānat tashtarī)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا نَشْتَرِي (kunnā nashtarī)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ تَشْتَرُونَ (kuntum tashtarūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)كُنْتُنَّ تَشْتَرِينَ (kuntunna tashtarīna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا يَشْتَرُونَ (kānū yashtarūna)
هنّ (hunna)كُنَّ يَشْتَرِينَ (kunna yashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)كُنْتُمَا تَشْتَرِيَانِ (kuntumā tashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsكَانَا يَشْتَرِيَانِ (kānā yashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenكَانَتَا تَشْتَرِيَانِ (kānatā tashtariyāni)

Past perfect (pluperfect) الماضي التام / كان قد فعل

كان (conjugated) + قَدْ + perfect of the main verb. An action completed before another past action, like English 'had done'.

أنا (ana)كُنْتُ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُ (kuntu qad ishtaraytu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتَ (kunta qad ishtarayta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتِ (kunti qad ishtarayti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَى (kāna qad ishtarā)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ قَدْ اِشْتَرَتْ (kānat qad ishtarat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَا (kunnā qad ishtaraynā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمْ (kuntum qad ishtaraytum)
أنتنّ (antunna)كُنْتُنَّ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُنَّ (kuntunna qad ishtaraytunna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا قَدْ اِشْتَرَوْا (kānū qad ishtaraw)
هنّ (hunna)كُنَّ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَ (kunna qad ishtarayna)
أنتما (antumā)كُنْتُمَا قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمَا (kuntumā qad ishtaraytumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsكَانَا قَدْ اِشْتَرَيَا (kānā qad ishtarayā)
هما (humā) — the two womenكَانَتَا قَدْ اِشْتَرَتَا (kānatā qad ishtaratā)

Emphatic/recent past (with qad) الماضي مع قد

قَدْ directly before the bare perfect verb marks the action as newsworthy, completed or relevant now — close to an English present perfect ('has/have done'). Very common in news writing and formal narration.

أنا (ana)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُ (qad ishtaraytu)
أنتَ (anta)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتَ (qad ishtarayta)
أنتِ (anti)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتِ (qad ishtarayti)
هو (huwa)قَدْ اِشْتَرَى (qad ishtarā)
هي (hiya)قَدْ اِشْتَرَتْ (qad ishtarat)
نحن (naḥnu)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَا (qad ishtaraynā)
أنتم (antum)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمْ (qad ishtaraytum)
أنتنّ (antunna)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُنَّ (qad ishtaraytunna)
هم (hum)قَدْ اِشْتَرَوْا (qad ishtaraw)
هنّ (hunna)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَ (qad ishtarayna)
أنتما (antumā)قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمَا (qad ishtaraytumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsقَدْ اِشْتَرَيَا (qad ishtarayā)
هما (humā) — the two womenقَدْ اِشْتَرَتَا (qad ishtaratā)

Present (habitual & continuous) المضارع

Prefix + stem + ending, agreeing with the subject. Covers both habitual actions and things happening right now.

أنا (ana)أَشْتَرِي (ashtarī)
أنتَ (anta)تَشْتَرِي (tashtarī)
أنتِ (anti)تَشْتَرِينَ (tashtarīna)
هو (huwa)يَشْتَرِي (yashtarī)
هي (hiya)تَشْتَرِي (tashtarī)
نحن (naḥnu)نَشْتَرِي (nashtarī)
أنتم (antum)تَشْتَرُونَ (tashtarūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)تَشْتَرِينَ (tashtarīna)
هم (hum)يَشْتَرُونَ (yashtarūna)
هنّ (hunna)يَشْتَرِينَ (yashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)تَشْتَرِيَانِ (tashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsيَشْتَرِيَانِ (yashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenتَشْتَرِيَانِ (tashtariyāni)

Future المستقبل

سَـ- (attached, everyday) or سَوْفَ (separate word, more formal/emphatic) + imperfect indicative.

أنا (ana)سَأَشْتَرِي (sa'ashtarī)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَشْتَرِي (satashtarī)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَشْتَرِينَ (satashtarīna)
هو (huwa)سَيَشْتَرِي (sayashtarī)
هي (hiya)سَتَشْتَرِي (satashtarī)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَشْتَرِي (sanashtarī)
أنتم (antum)سَتَشْتَرُونَ (satashtarūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)سَتَشْتَرِينَ (satashtarīna)
هم (hum)سَيَشْتَرُونَ (sayashtarūna)
هنّ (hunna)سَيَشْتَرِينَ (sayashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)سَتَشْتَرِيَانِ (satashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsسَيَشْتَرِيَانِ (sayashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenسَتَشْتَرِيَانِ (satashtariyāni)

Future continuous مستقبل مستمر (نادر/أدبي)

سَـ/سَوْفَ + imperfect of كان + imperfect indicative of the main verb. Formal/literary; 'will be doing'.

أنا (ana)سَأَكُونُ أَشْتَرِي (sa'akūnu ashtarī)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَكُونُ تَشْتَرِي (satakūnu tashtarī)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَكُونِينَ تَشْتَرِينَ (satakūnīna tashtarīna)
هو (huwa)سَيَكُونُ يَشْتَرِي (sayakūnu yashtarī)
هي (hiya)سَتَكُونُ تَشْتَرِي (satakūnu tashtarī)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَكُونُ نَشْتَرِي (sanakūnu nashtarī)
أنتم (antum)سَتَكُونُونَ تَشْتَرُونَ (satakūnūna tashtarūna)
أنتنّ (antunna)سَتَكُنَّ تَشْتَرِينَ (satakunna tashtarīna)
هم (hum)سَيَكُونُونَ يَشْتَرُونَ (sayakūnūna yashtarūna)
هنّ (hunna)سَيَكُنَّ يَشْتَرِينَ (sayakunna yashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)سَتَكُونَانِ تَشْتَرِيَانِ (satakūnāni tashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsسَيَكُونَانِ يَشْتَرِيَانِ (sayakūnāni yashtariyāni)
هما (humā) — the two womenسَتَكُونَانِ تَشْتَرِيَانِ (satakūnāni tashtariyāni)

Future perfect المستقبل التام

سَـ/سَوْفَ + imperfect of كان + قَدْ + perfect of the main verb. 'Will have done'; mostly formal/written style.

أنا (ana)سَأَكُونُ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُ (sa'akūnu qad ishtaraytu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتَ (satakūnu qad ishtarayta)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَكُونِينَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتِ (satakūnīna qad ishtarayti)
هو (huwa)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ اِشْتَرَى (sayakūnu qad ishtarā)
هي (hiya)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ اِشْتَرَتْ (satakūnu qad ishtarat)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَكُونُ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَا (sanakūnu qad ishtaraynā)
أنتم (antum)سَتَكُونُونَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمْ (satakūnūna qad ishtaraytum)
أنتنّ (antunna)سَتَكُنَّ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُنَّ (satakunna qad ishtaraytunna)
هم (hum)سَيَكُونُونَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَوْا (sayakūnūna qad ishtaraw)
هنّ (hunna)سَيَكُنَّ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَ (sayakunna qad ishtarayna)
أنتما (antumā)سَتَكُونَانِ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمَا (satakūnāni qad ishtaraytumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsسَيَكُونَانِ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيَا (sayakūnāni qad ishtarayā)
هما (humā) — the two womenسَتَكُونَانِ قَدْ اِشْتَرَتَا (satakūnāni qad ishtaratā)

Present subjunctive المضارع المنصوب

أَنْ (or another triggering particle) + subjunctive stem, ending in -a/-ū/-ī/-ā (feminine plural unchanged, -na).

أنا (ana)أَشْتَرِيَ (ashtariya)
أنتَ (anta)تَشْتَرِيَ (tashtariya)
أنتِ (anti)تَشْتَرِي (tashtarī)
هو (huwa)يَشْتَرِيَ (yashtariya)
هي (hiya)تَشْتَرِيَ (tashtariya)
نحن (naḥnu)نَشْتَرِيَ (nashtariya)
أنتم (antum)تَشْتَرُوا (tashtarū)
أنتنّ (antunna)تَشْتَرِينَ (tashtarīna)
هم (hum)يَشْتَرُوا (yashtarū)
هنّ (hunna)يَشْتَرِينَ (yashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)تَشْتَرِيَا (tashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsيَشْتَرِيَا (yashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two womenتَشْتَرِيَا (tashtariyā)

Perfect subjunctive (literary) المنصوب التام (أدبي)

أَنْ + subjunctive of كان (أكون) + قَدْ + perfect main verb. Rare, formal/literary: 'that I should have done'.

أنا (ana)أَنْ أَكُونَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُ (an akūna qad ishtaraytu)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْ تَكُونَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتَ (an takūna qad ishtarayta)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْ تَكُونِي قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتِ (an takūnī qad ishtarayti)
هو (huwa)أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَى (an yakūna qad ishtarā)
هي (hiya)أَنْ تَكُونَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَتْ (an takūna qad ishtarat)
نحن (naḥnu)أَنْ نَكُونَ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَا (an nakūna qad ishtaraynā)
أنتم (antum)أَنْ تَكُونُوا قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمْ (an takūnū qad ishtaraytum)
أنتنّ (antunna)أَنْ تَكُنَّ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُنَّ (an takunna qad ishtaraytunna)
هم (hum)أَنْ يَكُونُوا قَدْ اِشْتَرَوْا (an yakūnū qad ishtaraw)
هنّ (hunna)أَنْ يَكُنَّ قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْنَ (an yakunna qad ishtarayna)
أنتما (antumā)أَنْ تَكُونَا قَدْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمَا (an takūnā qad ishtaraytumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsأَنْ يَكُونَا قَدْ اِشْتَرَيَا (an yakūnā qad ishtarayā)
هما (humā) — the two womenأَنْ تَكُونَا قَدْ اِشْتَرَتَا (an takūnā qad ishtaratā)

Negative past (لم + jussive) لم + المجزوم

لَمْ + jussive. The normal, slightly more formal way to negate a simple past action (alternative to مَا + perfect).

أنا (ana)لَمْ أَشْتَرِ (lam ashtari)
أنتَ (anta)لَمْ تَشْتَرِ (lam tashtari)
أنتِ (anti)لَمْ تَشْتَرِي (lam tashtarī)
هو (huwa)لَمْ يَشْتَرِ (lam yashtari)
هي (hiya)لَمْ تَشْتَرِ (lam tashtari)
نحن (naḥnu)لَمْ نَشْتَرِ (lam nashtari)
أنتم (antum)لَمْ تَشْتَرُوا (lam tashtarū)
أنتنّ (antunna)لَمْ تَشْتَرِينَ (lam tashtarīna)
هم (hum)لَمْ يَشْتَرُوا (lam yashtarū)
هنّ (hunna)لَمْ يَشْتَرِينَ (lam yashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)لَمْ تَشْتَرِيَا (lam tashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsلَمْ يَشْتَرِيَا (lam yashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two womenلَمْ تَشْتَرِيَا (lam tashtariyā)

Real conditional (إن + jussive) جملة الشرط الجازم

إِنْ (or مَنْ/مَا/مَهْمَا) + jussive in the if-clause, jussive again in the result clause. Literary/formal 'if' for open, realistic conditions; إِذَا + past is the everyday equivalent.

أنا (ana)إِنْ أَشْتَرِ (in ashtari)
أنتَ (anta)إِنْ تَشْتَرِ (in tashtari)
أنتِ (anti)إِنْ تَشْتَرِي (in tashtarī)
هو (huwa)إِنْ يَشْتَرِ (in yashtari)
هي (hiya)إِنْ تَشْتَرِ (in tashtari)
نحن (naḥnu)إِنْ نَشْتَرِ (in nashtari)
أنتم (antum)إِنْ تَشْتَرُوا (in tashtarū)
أنتنّ (antunna)إِنْ تَشْتَرِينَ (in tashtarīna)
هم (hum)إِنْ يَشْتَرُوا (in yashtarū)
هنّ (hunna)إِنْ يَشْتَرِينَ (in yashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)إِنْ تَشْتَرِيَا (in tashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsإِنْ يَشْتَرِيَا (in yashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two womenإِنْ تَشْتَرِيَا (in tashtariyā)

Indirect/third-person command لام الأمر

لِـ (li-, sometimes لْـ after و/ف) + jussive. Expresses 'let him/her/them/us' — a command or wish about someone other than 'you'.

أنا (ana)لِأَشْتَرِ (li'ashtari)
أنتَ (anta)— (—)
أنتِ (anti)— (—)
هو (huwa)لِيَشْتَرِ (liyashtari)
هي (hiya)لِتَشْتَرِ (litashtari)
نحن (naḥnu)لِنَشْتَرِ (linashtari)
أنتم (antum)— (—)
أنتنّ (antunna)— (—)
هم (hum)لِيَشْتَرُوا (liyashtarū)
هنّ (hunna)لِيَشْتَرِينَ (liyashtarīna)
أنتما (antumā)— (—)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsلِيَشْتَرِيَا (liyashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two womenلِتَشْتَرِيَا (litashtariyā)

Affirmative imperative الأمر

Jussive minus subject prefix, plus a helping اُ-/اِ- at the front. Only 2nd-person forms exist.

أنا (ana)— (—)
أنتَ (anta)اِشْتَرِ (ishtari)
أنتِ (anti)اِشْتَرِي (ishtarī)
هو (huwa)— (—)
هي (hiya)— (—)
نحن (naḥnu)— (—)
أنتم (antum)اِشْتَرُوا (ishtarū)
أنتنّ (antunna)اِشْتَرِينَ (ishtarīna)
هم (hum)— (—)
هنّ (hunna)— (—)
أنتما (antumā)اِشْتَرِيَا (ishtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two men/things— (—)
هما (humā) — the two women— (—)

Negative imperative (prohibitive) النهي

لَا (lā, the 'prohibitive' لا) + jussive, keeping the subject prefix. 'Don't do'.

أنا (ana)— (—)
أنتَ (anta)لَا تَشْتَرِ (lā tashtari)
أنتِ (anti)لَا تَشْتَرِي (lā tashtarī)
هو (huwa)— (—)
هي (hiya)— (—)
نحن (naḥnu)— (—)
أنتم (antum)لَا تَشْتَرُوا (lā tashtarū)
أنتنّ (antunna)لَا تَشْتَرِينَ (lā tashtarīna)
هم (hum)— (—)
هنّ (hunna)— (—)
أنتما (antumā)لَا تَشْتَرِيَا (lā tashtariyā)
هما (humā) — the two men/things— (—)
هما (humā) — the two women— (—)

Real conditional (إذا/إن + past) الشرط الحقيقي

إِذَا (everyday) or إِنْ (more formal) + perfect in the if-clause; perfect, jussive or imperative in the result clause. Used for realistic 'if' situations, regardless of the real-world tense.

أنا (ana)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْتُ (idhā ishtaraytu)
أنتَ (anta)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْتَ (idhā ishtarayta)
أنتِ (anti)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْتِ (idhā ishtarayti)
هو (huwa)إِذَا اِشْتَرَى (idhā ishtarā)
هي (hiya)إِذَا اِشْتَرَتْ (idhā ishtarat)
نحن (naḥnu)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْنَا (idhā ishtaraynā)
أنتم (antum)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْتُمْ (idhā ishtaraytum)
أنتنّ (antunna)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْتُنَّ (idhā ishtaraytunna)
هم (hum)إِذَا اِشْتَرَوْا (idhā ishtaraw)
هنّ (hunna)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْنَ (idhā ishtarayna)
أنتما (antumā)إِذَا اِشْتَرَيْتُمَا (idhā ishtaraytumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsإِذَا اِشْتَرَيَا (idhā ishtarayā)
هما (humā) — the two womenإِذَا اِشْتَرَتَا (idhā ishtaratā)

Unreal / counterfactual conditional (لو + past) الشرط الامتناعي

لَوْ + perfect in the if-clause; لَـ + perfect in the result clause. A condition presented as untrue or unfulfilled — 'if I had... I would have...'.

أنا (ana)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْتُ (law ishtaraytu)
أنتَ (anta)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْتَ (law ishtarayta)
أنتِ (anti)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْتِ (law ishtarayti)
هو (huwa)لَوْ اِشْتَرَى (law ishtarā)
هي (hiya)لَوْ اِشْتَرَتْ (law ishtarat)
نحن (naḥnu)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْنَا (law ishtaraynā)
أنتم (antum)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمْ (law ishtaraytum)
أنتنّ (antunna)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْتُنَّ (law ishtaraytunna)
هم (hum)لَوْ اِشْتَرَوْا (law ishtaraw)
هنّ (hunna)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْنَ (law ishtarayna)
أنتما (antumā)لَوْ اِشْتَرَيْتُمَا (law ishtaraytumā)
هما (humā) — the two men/thingsلَوْ اِشْتَرَيَا (law ishtarayā)
هما (humā) — the two womenلَوْ اِشْتَرَتَا (law ishtaratā)

Verbal noun (maṣdar, ~infinitive) المصدر

A noun derived from the root, unpredictable in shape for Form I (has to be learned per verb) but fully predictable for Forms II–X. Used after prepositions and as the equivalent of an English gerund/infinitive ('writing', 'to write').

اِشْتِرَاء (ishtirāʾ)

Active participle اسم الفاعل

Pattern fā'il for Form I. Means 'one who does/is doing X'; often used like an English present participle or even to express a near-present/recent-past event.

مُشْتَرٍ (mushtarin)

Passive participle اسم المفعول

Pattern maf'ūl for Form I (transitive verbs only). Means '(that which has been) done to' — 'written', 'drunk'.

مُشْتَرًى (mushtaran)

Examples

اِشْتَرَيْتُ هَدِيَّةً لِأُمِّي.
ishtaraytu hadiyyatan li-ummī.
I bought a gift for my mother.
سَأَشْتَرِي بَيْتًا جَدِيدًا قَرِيبًا.
sa'ashtarī baytan jadīdan qarīban.
I will buy a new house soon.

Learn Arabic Free

Practice Ishtarā and every other verb with flashcards and verb drills in the Language Trip app and website. Free, no account needed, no ads.

All Arabic verb tables · Basic Arabic phrases