Language Trip

Conjugation › Arabic › Jalasa / yajlisu

Arabic · Verb Tables · Intermediate

Jalasa / yajlisu Conjugation

جَلَسَ / يَجْلِسُ (jalasa / yajlisu) means "to sit" in Arabic. Present: أنا (anā) أَجْلِسُ (ajlisu), أنتَ (anta) تَجْلِسُ (tajlisu), أنتِ (anti) تَجْلِسِينَ (tajlisīna), هو (huwa) يَجْلِسُ (yajlisu), هي (hiya) تَجْلِسُ (tajlisu), نحن (naḥnu) نَجْلِسُ (najlisu). Below: all 16 tenses we teach, with examples.

Present المضارع المرفوع (al-muḍāriʿ al-marfūʿ)

The present (imperfect) stem takes a person prefix and, for 'you (f.)' and the plurals, a suffix, plus the indicative ending -u (dropped in casual speech). Covers English simple present and present continuous alike ('I write' / 'I am writing') — Arabic does not force a choice between them.

أنا (anā)أَجْلِسُ (ajlisu)
أنتَ (anta)تَجْلِسُ (tajlisu)
أنتِ (anti)تَجْلِسِينَ (tajlisīna)
هو (huwa)يَجْلِسُ (yajlisu)
هي (hiya)تَجْلِسُ (tajlisu)
نحن (naḥnu)نَجْلِسُ (najlisu)
أنتم (antum)تَجْلِسُونَ (tajlisūna)
هم (hum)يَجْلِسُونَ (yajlisūna)

Present continuous

Arabic has no separate progressive verb form; ongoing action is normally just the plain present above. To stress 'right now', speakers instead use the active participle (ism al-fāʿil, here kātib 'writing') as the predicate; it agrees like an adjective (gender/number), not by person, so 'I' and 'you (m.)' share the masculine form shown here and 'she' takes the feminine kātibatun.

أنا (anā)أَنَا جَالِسٌ (anā jālisun)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْتَ جَالِسٌ (anta jālisun)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْتِ جَالِسَةٌ (anti jālisatun)
هو (huwa)هُوَ جَالِسٌ (huwa jālisun)
هي (hiya)هِيَ جَالِسَةٌ (hiya jālisatun)
نحن (naḥnu)نَحْنُ جَالِسُونَ (naḥnu jālisūna)
أنتم (antum)أَنْتُمْ جَالِسُونَ (antum jālisūna)
هم (hum)هُمْ جَالِسُونَ (hum jālisūna)

Simple past الماضي (al-māḍī)

The past (perfect) stem takes only suffixes for person, gender and number; there is no prefix. Used for any completed action, corresponding to both English simple past ('I wrote') and, in most contexts, present perfect ('I have written').

أنا (anā)جَلَسْتُ (jalastu)
أنتَ (anta)جَلَسْتَ (jalasta)
أنتِ (anti)جَلَسْتِ (jalasti)
هو (huwa)جَلَسَ (jalasa)
هي (hiya)جَلَسَتْ (jalasat)
نحن (naḥnu)جَلَسْنَا (jalasnā)
أنتم (antum)جَلَسْتُمْ (jalastum)
هم (hum)جَلَسُوا (jalasū)

Imperfect (past habitual/ongoing)

No single-word imperfect exists; it is built with kāna (to be, conjugated in the past) followed by the plain present tense of the main verb. Matches English 'was writing' or 'used to write'.

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ أَجْلِسُ (kuntu ajlisu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ تَجْلِسُ (kunta tajlisu)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ تَجْلِسِينَ (kunti tajlisīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ يَجْلِسُ (kāna yajlisu)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ تَجْلِسُ (kānat tajlisu)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا نَجْلِسُ (kunnā najlisu)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ تَجْلِسُونَ (kuntum tajlisūna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا يَجْلِسُونَ (kānū yajlisūna)

Present perfect

MSA does not distinguish 'I wrote' from 'I have written' morphologically — both are the simple past. The particle قد (qad) placed before the past verb adds the nuance of a completed action with present relevance ('have indeed done'), common in news and formal writing.

أنا (anā)قَدْ جَلَسْتُ (qad jalastu)
أنتَ (anta)قَدْ جَلَسْتَ (qad jalasta)
أنتِ (anti)قَدْ جَلَسْتِ (qad jalasti)
هو (huwa)قَدْ جَلَسَ (qad jalasa)
هي (hiya)قَدْ جَلَسَتْ (qad jalasat)
نحن (naḥnu)قَدْ جَلَسْنَا (qad jalasnā)
أنتم (antum)قَدْ جَلَسْتُمْ (qad jalastum)
هم (hum)قَدْ جَلَسُوا (qad jalasū)

Pluperfect

Built with kāna (past) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'had written'.

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ قَدْ جَلَسْتُ (kuntu qad jalastu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ قَدْ جَلَسْتَ (kunta qad jalasta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ قَدْ جَلَسْتِ (kunti qad jalasti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ قَدْ جَلَسَ (kāna qad jalasa)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ قَدْ جَلَسَتْ (kānat qad jalasat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا قَدْ جَلَسْنَا (kunnā qad jalasnā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ قَدْ جَلَسْتُمْ (kuntum qad jalastum)
هم (hum)كَانُوا قَدْ جَلَسُوا (kānū qad jalasū)

Near future المستقبل القريب (al-mustaqbal al-qarīb)

Formed by attaching the prefix سَـ (sa-) directly to the present-tense verb. Used for something the speaker sees as fairly soon or certain — the everyday way to say 'will'.

أنا (anā)سَأَجْلِسُ (sa'ajlisu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَجْلِسُ (satajlisu)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَجْلِسِينَ (satajlisīna)
هو (huwa)سَيَجْلِسُ (sayajlisu)
هي (hiya)سَتَجْلِسُ (satajlisu)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَجْلِسُ (sanajlisu)
أنتم (antum)سَتَجْلِسُونَ (satajlisūna)
هم (hum)سَيَجْلِسُونَ (sayajlisūna)

Simple future المستقبل (al-mustaqbal)

Formed with the separate word سوف (sawfa) before the present-tense verb instead of the attached سـ. Textbooks treat it as interchangeable with the near future, just a shade more formal or more distant/emphatic.

أنا (anā)سَوْفَ أَجْلِسُ (sawfa ajlisu)
أنتَ (anta)سَوْفَ تَجْلِسُ (sawfa tajlisu)
أنتِ (anti)سَوْفَ تَجْلِسِينَ (sawfa tajlisīna)
هو (huwa)سَوْفَ يَجْلِسُ (sawfa yajlisu)
هي (hiya)سَوْفَ تَجْلِسُ (sawfa tajlisu)
نحن (naḥnu)سَوْفَ نَجْلِسُ (sawfa najlisu)
أنتم (antum)سَوْفَ تَجْلِسُونَ (sawfa tajlisūna)
هم (hum)سَوْفَ يَجْلِسُونَ (sawfa yajlisūna)

Future perfect

Built with سَـ + kūn (the future of kāna) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'will have written'; mainly seen in formal or written registers.

أنا (anā)سَأَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسْتُ (sa'akūnu qad jalastu)
أنتَ (anta)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسْتَ (sa-takūnu qad jalasta)
أنتِ (anti)سَتَكُونِينَ قَدْ جَلَسْتِ (sa-takūnīna qad jalasti)
هو (huwa)سَيَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسَ (sa-yakūnu qad jalasa)
هي (hiya)سَتَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسَتْ (sa-takūnu qad jalasat)
نحن (naḥnu)سَنَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسْنَا (sa-nakūnu qad jalasnā)
أنتم (antum)سَتَكُونُونَ قَدْ جَلَسْتُمْ (sa-takūnūna qad jalastum)
هم (hum)سَيَكُونُونَ قَدْ جَلَسُوا (sa-yakūnūna qad jalasū)

Conditional

MSA has no distinct conditional mood. 'Would' in a statement (often reported speech, 'he said he would write') is expressed with kāna (past) + the sa- future: kāna sa-yaktubu, literally 'he was going to write'. Real hypothetical 'if... would' sentences use a different construction (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ سَأَجْلِسُ (kuntu sa'ajlisu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ سَتَجْلِسُ (kunta satajlisu)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ سَتَجْلِسِينَ (kunti satajlisīna)
هو (huwa)كَانَ سَيَجْلِسُ (kāna sayajlisu)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ سَتَجْلِسُ (kānat satajlisu)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا سَنَجْلِسُ (kunnā sanajlisu)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ سَتَجْلِسُونَ (kuntum satajlisūna)
هم (hum)كَانُوا سَيَجْلِسُونَ (kānū sayajlisūna)

Conditional perfect

A heavy, mostly written/bookish compound — kāna (past) + sa-akūnu (future of kāna) + qad + the past main verb — for 'would have written'. In practice, most speakers avoid it and rephrase with a لو (law, 'if only') hypothetical sentence instead (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).

أنا (anā)كُنْتُ سَأَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسْتُ (kuntu sa'akūnu qad jalastu)
أنتَ (anta)كُنْتَ سَتَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسْتَ (kunta sa-takūnu qad jalasta)
أنتِ (anti)كُنْتِ سَتَكُونِينَ قَدْ جَلَسْتِ (kunti sa-takūnīna qad jalasti)
هو (huwa)كَانَ سَيَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسَ (kāna sa-yakūnu qad jalasa)
هي (hiya)كَانَتْ سَتَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسَتْ (kānat sa-takūnu qad jalasat)
نحن (naḥnu)كُنَّا سَنَكُونُ قَدْ جَلَسْنَا (kunnā sa-nakūnu qad jalasnā)
أنتم (antum)كُنْتُمْ سَتَكُونُونَ قَدْ جَلَسْتُمْ (kuntum sa-takūnūna qad jalastum)
هم (hum)كَانُوا سَيَكُونُونَ قَدْ جَلَسُوا (kānū sa-yakūnūna qad jalasū)

Present subjunctive المضارع المنصوب (al-muḍāriʿ al-manṣūb)

The present stem changes its final ending (marfūʿ -u becomes manṣūb -a, and the nūn of taktubīna/taktubūna/yaktubūna is dropped) after linking particles: أَنْ (an, 'to', joining two verbs), لَنْ (lan, 'will not' — the standard way to negate the future), and كَيْ/لِكَيْ (kay/likay, 'so that') or حَتَّى (ḥattā, 'in order to/until') for purpose.

أنا (anā)أَنْ أَجْلِسَ (an ajlisa)
أنتَ (anta)أَنْ تَجْلِسَ (an tajlisa)
أنتِ (anti)أَنْ تَجْلِسِي (an tajlisī)
هو (huwa)أَنْ يَجْلِسَ (an yajlisa)
هي (hiya)أَنْ تَجْلِسَ (an tajlisa)
نحن (naḥnu)أَنْ نَجْلِسَ (an najlisa)
أنتم (antum)أَنْ تَجْلِسُوا (an tajlisū)
هم (hum)أَنْ يَجْلِسُوا (an yajlisū)

Negative past (with lam) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

The jussive drops the present tense's final short vowel or nūn ending. Placed after لَمْ (lam, 'did not'), it is the standard formal way to negate a past action — more common in writing than negating the perfect verb with مَا.

أنا (anā)لَمْ أَجْلِسْ (lam ajlis)
أنتَ (anta)لَمْ تَجْلِسْ (lam tajlis)
أنتِ (anti)لَمْ تَجْلِسِي (lam tajlisī)
هو (huwa)لَمْ يَجْلِسْ (lam yajlis)
هي (hiya)لَمْ تَجْلِسْ (lam tajlis)
نحن (naḥnu)لَمْ نَجْلِسْ (lam najlis)
أنتم (antum)لَمْ تَجْلِسُوا (lam tajlisū)
هم (hum)لَمْ يَجْلِسُوا (lam yajlisū)

Conditional (with in) المضارع المجزوم (al-muḍāriʿ al-majzūm)

After إِنْ (in, 'if'), both the if-clause verb and the result-clause verb take the jussive. This is the main B1–B2 way to build a real, likely conditional ('if you do X, Y will happen'), corresponding to English 'if + present, will + verb'.

أنا (anā)إِنْ أَجْلِسْ (in ajlis)
أنتَ (anta)إِنْ تَجْلِسْ (in tajlis)
أنتِ (anti)إِنْ تَجْلِسِي (in tajlisī)
هو (huwa)إِنْ يَجْلِسْ (in yajlis)
هي (hiya)إِنْ تَجْلِسْ (in tajlis)
نحن (naḥnu)إِنْ نَجْلِسْ (in najlis)
أنتم (antum)إِنْ تَجْلِسُوا (in tajlisū)
هم (hum)إِنْ يَجْلِسُوا (in yajlisū)

Imperative (affirmative) الأمر (al-amr)

Built from the jussive stem: drop the person prefix, and if the stem then starts with two consonants, add a helping alif (اُ-/اِ-) at the front, pronounced with a short u or i. Only exists for the three 'you' forms; other persons use a linking particle instead (e.g. لِيَكْتُبْ, li-yaktub, 'let him write' — not covered at this level).

أنا (anā)—
أنتَ (anta)اِجْلِسْ (ijlis)
أنتِ (anti)اِجْلِسِي (ijlisī)
هو (huwa)—
هي (hiya)—
نحن (naḥnu)—
أنتم (antum)اِجْلِسُوا (ijlisū)
هم (hum)—

Imperative (negative) النهي (an-nahy)

Negative commands are not a separate verb form: they are simply لَا (lā, 'don't') plus the jussive of the same 'you' forms used in the affirmative imperative, unlike English, which reuses the plain verb ('write' → 'don't write').

أنا (anā)—
أنتَ (anta)لَا تَجْلِسْ (lā tajlis)
أنتِ (anti)لَا تَجْلِسِي (lā tajlisī)
هو (huwa)—
هي (hiya)—
نحن (naḥnu)—
أنتم (antum)لَا تَجْلِسُوا (lā tajlisū)
هم (hum)—

Examples

أَجْلِسُ عَلَى هَذَا الْكُرْسِيِّ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ
ajlisu ʿalā hādhā al-kursiyyi kulla yawmin
I sit on this chair every day.
جَلَسْنَا فِي الْحَدِيقَةِ طَوَالَ الْمَسَاءِ
jalasnā fī al-ḥadīqati ṭawāla al-masāʾi
We sat in the garden all evening.

Learn Arabic Free

Practice Jalasa / yajlisu and every other verb with flashcards and verb drills in the Language Trip app and website. Free, no account needed, no ads.

All Arabic verb tables · Basic Arabic phrases