Conjugation › Arabic › Taraka / yatruku
Arabic · Verb Tables · Intermediate
تَرَكَ / يَتْرُكُ (taraka / yatruku) means "to leave" in Arabic. Present: أنا (anā) أَتْرُكُ [atruku], أنتَ (anta) تَتْرُكُ [tatruku], أنتِ (anti) تَتْرُكِينَ [tatrukīna], هو (huwa) يَتْرُكُ [yatruku], هي (hiya) تَتْرُكُ [tatruku], نحن (naḥnu) نَتْرُكُ [natruku]. Below: all 16 tenses we teach, with examples.
The present (imperfect) stem takes a person prefix and, for 'you (f.)' and the plurals, a suffix, plus the indicative ending -u (dropped in casual speech). Covers English simple present and present continuous alike ('I write' / 'I am writing') — Arabic does not force a choice between them.
| أنا (anā) | أَتْرُكُ [atruku] |
| أنتَ (anta) | تَتْرُكُ [tatruku] |
| أنتِ (anti) | تَتْرُكِينَ [tatrukīna] |
| هو (huwa) | يَتْرُكُ [yatruku] |
| هي (hiya) | تَتْرُكُ [tatruku] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | نَتْرُكُ [natruku] |
| أنتم (antum) | تَتْرُكُونَ [tatrukūna] |
| هم (hum) | يَتْرُكُونَ [yatrukūna] |
Arabic has no separate progressive verb form; ongoing action is normally just the plain present above. To stress 'right now', speakers instead use the active participle (ism al-fāʿil, here kātib 'writing') as the predicate; it agrees like an adjective (gender/number), not by person, so 'I' and 'you (m.)' share the masculine form shown here and 'she' takes the feminine kātibatun.
| أنا (anā) | أَنا تارِكٌ [anā tārikun] |
| أنتَ (anta) | أَنْتَ تارِكٌ [anta tārikun] |
| أنتِ (anti) | أَنْتِ تارِكَةٌ [anti tārikatun] |
| هو (huwa) | هُوَ تارِكٌ [huwa tārikun] |
| هي (hiya) | هِيَ تارِكَةٌ [hiya tārikatun] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | نَحْنُ تارِكُونَ [naḥnu tārikūna] |
| أنتم (antum) | أَنْتُمْ تارِكُونَ [antum tārikūna] |
| هم (hum) | هُمْ تارِكُونَ [hum tārikūna] |
The past (perfect) stem takes only suffixes for person, gender and number; there is no prefix. Used for any completed action, corresponding to both English simple past ('I wrote') and, in most contexts, present perfect ('I have written').
| أنا (anā) | تَرَكْتُ [taraktu] |
| أنتَ (anta) | تَرَكْتَ [tarakta] |
| أنتِ (anti) | تَرَكْتِ [tarakti] |
| هو (huwa) | تَرَكَ [taraka] |
| هي (hiya) | تَرَكَتْ [tarakat] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | تَرَكْنا [taraknā] |
| أنتم (antum) | تَرَكْتُمْ [taraktum] |
| هم (hum) | تَرَكُوا [tarakū] |
No single-word imperfect exists; it is built with kāna (to be, conjugated in the past) followed by the plain present tense of the main verb. Matches English 'was writing' or 'used to write'.
| أنا (anā) | كُنْتُ [kuntu] أَتْرُكُ [atruku] |
| أنتَ (anta) | كُنْتَ [kunta] تَتْرُكُ [tatruku] |
| أنتِ (anti) | كُنْتِ [kunti] تَتْرُكِينَ [tatrukīna] |
| هو (huwa) | كانَ [kāna] يَتْرُكُ [yatruku] |
| هي (hiya) | كانَتْ [kānat] تَتْرُكُ [tatruku] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | كُنّا [kunnā] نَتْرُكُ [natruku] |
| أنتم (antum) | كُنْتُمْ [kuntum] تَتْرُكُونَ [tatrukūna] |
| هم (hum) | كانُوا [kānū] يَتْرُكُونَ [yatrukūna] |
MSA does not distinguish 'I wrote' from 'I have written' morphologically — both are the simple past. The particle قد (qad) placed before the past verb adds the nuance of a completed action with present relevance ('have indeed done'), common in news and formal writing.
| أنا (anā) | قَدْ تَرَكْتُ [qad taraktu] |
| أنتَ (anta) | قَدْ تَرَكْتَ [qad tarakta] |
| أنتِ (anti) | قَدْ تَرَكْتِ [qad tarakti] |
| هو (huwa) | قَدْ تَرَكَ [qad taraka] |
| هي (hiya) | قَدْ تَرَكَتْ [qad tarakat] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | قَدْ تَرَكْنا [qad taraknā] |
| أنتم (antum) | قَدْ تَرَكْتُمْ [qad taraktum] |
| هم (hum) | قَدْ تَرَكُوا [qad tarakū] |
Built with kāna (past) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'had written'.
| أنا (anā) | كُنْتُ [kuntu] قَدْ تَرَكْتُ [taraktu] |
| أنتَ (anta) | كُنْتَ [kunta] قَدْ تَرَكْتَ [tarakta] |
| أنتِ (anti) | كُنْتِ [kunti] قَدْ تَرَكْتِ [tarakti] |
| هو (huwa) | كانَ [kāna] قَدْ تَرَكَ [taraka] |
| هي (hiya) | كانَتْ [kānat] قَدْ تَرَكَتْ [tarakat] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | كُنّا [kunnā] قَدْ تَرَكْنا [taraknā] |
| أنتم (antum) | كُنْتُمْ [kuntum] قَدْ تَرَكْتُمْ [taraktum] |
| هم (hum) | كانُوا [kānū] قَدْ تَرَكُوا [tarakū] |
Formed by attaching the prefix سَـ (sa-) directly to the present-tense verb. Used for something the speaker sees as fairly soon or certain — the everyday way to say 'will'.
| أنا (anā) | سَأَتْرُكُ [sa'atruku] |
| أنتَ (anta) | سَتَتْرُكُ [sa-tatruku] |
| أنتِ (anti) | سَتَتْرُكِينَ [sa-tatrukīna] |
| هو (huwa) | سَيَتْرُكُ [sa-yatruku] |
| هي (hiya) | سَتَتْرُكُ [sa-tatruku] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | سَنَتْرُكُ [sa-natruku] |
| أنتم (antum) | سَتَتْرُكُونَ [sa-tatrukūna] |
| هم (hum) | سَيَتْرُكُونَ [sa-yatrukūna] |
Formed with the separate word سوف (sawfa) before the present-tense verb instead of the attached سـ. Textbooks treat it as interchangeable with the near future, just a shade more formal or more distant/emphatic.
| أنا (anā) | سَوْفَ أَتْرُكُ [sawfa atruku] |
| أنتَ (anta) | سَوْفَ تَتْرُكُ [sawfa tatruku] |
| أنتِ (anti) | سَوْفَ تَتْرُكِينَ [sawfa tatrukīna] |
| هو (huwa) | سَوْفَ يَتْرُكُ [sawfa yatruku] |
| هي (hiya) | سَوْفَ تَتْرُكُ [sawfa tatruku] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | سَوْفَ نَتْرُكُ [sawfa natruku] |
| أنتم (antum) | سَوْفَ تَتْرُكُونَ [sawfa tatrukūna] |
| هم (hum) | سَوْفَ يَتْرُكُونَ [sawfa yatrukūna] |
Built with سَـ + kūn (the future of kāna) + قد (qad) + the past-tense main verb. Matches English 'will have written'; mainly seen in formal or written registers.
| أنا (anā) | سَأَكُونُ [sa'akūnu] قَدْ تَرَكْتُ [taraktu] |
| أنتَ (anta) | سَتَكُونُ [sa-takūnu] قَدْ تَرَكْتَ [tarakta] |
| أنتِ (anti) | سَتَكُونِينَ [sa-takūnīna] قَدْ تَرَكْتِ [tarakti] |
| هو (huwa) | سَيَكُونُ [sa-yakūnu] قَدْ تَرَكَ [taraka] |
| هي (hiya) | سَتَكُونُ [sa-takūnu] قَدْ تَرَكَتْ [tarakat] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | سَنَكُونُ [sa-nakūnu] قَدْ تَرَكْنا [taraknā] |
| أنتم (antum) | سَتَكُونُونَ [sa-takūnūna] قَدْ تَرَكْتُمْ [taraktum] |
| هم (hum) | سَيَكُونُونَ [sa-yakūnūna] قَدْ تَرَكُوا [tarakū] |
MSA has no distinct conditional mood. 'Would' in a statement (often reported speech, 'he said he would write') is expressed with kāna (past) + the sa- future: kāna sa-yaktubu, literally 'he was going to write'. Real hypothetical 'if... would' sentences use a different construction (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).
| أنا (anā) | كُنْتُ [kuntu] سَأَتْرُكُ [sa'atruku] |
| أنتَ (anta) | كُنْتَ [kunta] سَتَتْرُكُ [sa-tatruku] |
| أنتِ (anti) | كُنْتِ [kunti] سَتَتْرُكِينَ [sa-tatrukīna] |
| هو (huwa) | كانَ [kāna] سَيَتْرُكُ [sa-yatruku] |
| هي (hiya) | كانَتْ [kānat] سَتَتْرُكُ [sa-tatruku] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | كُنّا [kunnā] سَنَتْرُكُ [sa-natruku] |
| أنتم (antum) | كُنْتُمْ [kuntum] سَتَتْرُكُونَ [sa-tatrukūna] |
| هم (hum) | كانُوا [kānū] سَيَتْرُكُونَ [sa-yatrukūna] |
A heavy, mostly written/bookish compound — kāna (past) + sa-akūnu (future of kāna) + qad + the past main verb — for 'would have written'. In practice, most speakers avoid it and rephrase with a لو (law, 'if only') hypothetical sentence instead (see Conditional sentences in Grammar).
| أنا (anā) | كُنْتُ [kuntu] سَأَكُونُ [sa'akūnu] قَدْ تَرَكْتُ [taraktu] |
| أنتَ (anta) | كُنْتَ [kunta] سَتَكُونُ [sa-takūnu] قَدْ تَرَكْتَ [tarakta] |
| أنتِ (anti) | كُنْتِ [kunti] سَتَكُونِينَ [sa-takūnīna] قَدْ تَرَكْتِ [tarakti] |
| هو (huwa) | كانَ [kāna] سَيَكُونُ [sa-yakūnu] قَدْ تَرَكَ [taraka] |
| هي (hiya) | كانَتْ [kānat] سَتَكُونُ [sa-takūnu] قَدْ تَرَكَتْ [tarakat] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | كُنّا [kunnā] سَنَكُونُ [sa-nakūnu] قَدْ تَرَكْنا [taraknā] |
| أنتم (antum) | كُنْتُمْ [kuntum] سَتَكُونُونَ [sa-takūnūna] قَدْ تَرَكْتُمْ [taraktum] |
| هم (hum) | كانُوا [kānū] سَيَكُونُونَ [sa-yakūnūna] قَدْ تَرَكُوا [tarakū] |
The present stem changes its final ending (marfūʿ -u becomes manṣūb -a, and the nūn of taktubīna/taktubūna/yaktubūna is dropped) after linking particles: أَنْ (an, 'to', joining two verbs), لَنْ (lan, 'will not' — the standard way to negate the future), and كَيْ/لِكَيْ (kay/likay, 'so that') or حَتَّى (ḥattā, 'in order to/until') for purpose.
| أنا (anā) | أَنْ أَتْرُكَ [an atruka] |
| أنتَ (anta) | أَنْ تَتْرُكَ [an tatruka] |
| أنتِ (anti) | أَنْ تَتْرُكِي [an tatrukī] |
| هو (huwa) | أَنْ يَتْرُكَ [an yatruka] |
| هي (hiya) | أَنْ تَتْرُكَ [an tatruka] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | أَنْ نَتْرُكَ [an natruka] |
| أنتم (antum) | أَنْ تَتْرُكُوا [an tatrukū] |
| هم (hum) | أَنْ يَتْرُكُوا [an yatrukū] |
The jussive drops the present tense's final short vowel or nūn ending. Placed after لَمْ (lam, 'did not'), it is the standard formal way to negate a past action — more common in writing than negating the perfect verb with مَا.
| أنا (anā) | لَمْ أَتْرُكْ [lam atruk] |
| أنتَ (anta) | لَمْ تَتْرُكْ [lam tatruk] |
| أنتِ (anti) | لَمْ تَتْرُكِي [lam tatrukī] |
| هو (huwa) | لَمْ يَتْرُكْ [lam yatruk] |
| هي (hiya) | لَمْ تَتْرُكْ [lam tatruk] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | لَمْ نَتْرُكْ [lam natruk] |
| أنتم (antum) | لَمْ تَتْرُكُوا [lam tatrukū] |
| هم (hum) | لَمْ يَتْرُكُوا [lam yatrukū] |
After إِنْ (in, 'if'), both the if-clause verb and the result-clause verb take the jussive. This is the main B1–B2 way to build a real, likely conditional ('if you do X, Y will happen'), corresponding to English 'if + present, will + verb'.
| أنا (anā) | إِنْ أَتْرُكْ [in atruk] |
| أنتَ (anta) | إِنْ تَتْرُكْ [in tatruk] |
| أنتِ (anti) | إِنْ تَتْرُكِي [in tatrukī] |
| هو (huwa) | إِنْ يَتْرُكْ [in yatruk] |
| هي (hiya) | إِنْ تَتْرُكْ [in tatruk] |
| نحن (naḥnu) | إِنْ نَتْرُكْ [in natruk] |
| أنتم (antum) | إِنْ تَتْرُكُوا [in tatrukū] |
| هم (hum) | إِنْ يَتْرُكُوا [in yatrukū] |
Built from the jussive stem: drop the person prefix, and if the stem then starts with two consonants, add a helping alif (اُ-/اِ-) at the front, pronounced with a short u or i. Only exists for the three 'you' forms; other persons use a linking particle instead (e.g. لِيَكْتُبْ, li-yaktub, 'let him write' — not covered at this level).
| أنا (anā) | — |
| أنتَ (anta) | اُتْرُكْ [utruk] |
| أنتِ (anti) | اُتْرُكِي [utrukī] |
| هو (huwa) | — |
| هي (hiya) | — |
| نحن (naḥnu) | — |
| أنتم (antum) | اُتْرُكُوا [utrukū] |
| هم (hum) | — |
Negative commands are not a separate verb form: they are simply لَا (lā, 'don't') plus the jussive of the same 'you' forms used in the affirmative imperative, unlike English, which reuses the plain verb ('write' → 'don't write').
| أنا (anā) | — |
| أنتَ (anta) | لَا تَتْرُكْ [lā tatruk] |
| أنتِ (anti) | لَا تَتْرُكِي [lā tatrukī] |
| هو (huwa) | — |
| هي (hiya) | — |
| نحن (naḥnu) | — |
| أنتم (antum) | لَا تَتْرُكُوا [lā tatrukū] |
| هم (hum) | — |
| تَرَكْتُ مِظَلَّتِي فِي البَيْتِ. taraktu miẓallatī fī l-bayti. | I left my umbrella at home. |
| سَأَتْرُكُ العَمَلَ مُبَكِّرًا اليَوْمَ. sa'atruku l-ʿamala mubakkiran al-yawma. | I'll leave work early today. |
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