Conjugation › Czech › Jet
Czech · Verb Tables · Advanced
jet means "to go" in Czech. Present (imperfective): já jedu, ty jedeš, on / ona / ono jede, my jedeme, vy jedete, oni jedou. Below: all 18 tenses we teach, with examples.
Imperfective verbs in the present describe what is happening now, what happens regularly, or general facts. Czech has no separate continuous tense, so 'I am writing' is also píšu. Perfective verbs have no real present (see Perfective present, below).
| já | jedu |
| ty | jedeš |
| on / ona / ono | jede |
| my | jedeme |
| vy | jedete |
| oni | jedou |
L-participle plus jsem/jsi/jsme/jste; no auxiliary in the 3rd person. Shows a past action in progress, repeated, or without regard to the result: where English uses 'was doing', 'used to do' or 'did'. Masculine / feminine given; the neuter is -lo.
| já | jel / jela jsem |
| ty | jel / jela jsi |
| on / ona / ono | jel / jela / jelo |
| my | jeli / jely jsme |
| vy | jeli / jely jste |
| oni | jeli / jely |
Imperfective verbs add -va- (or -íva-/-áva-) before the l-participle ending to say 'used to do', for repeated past actions. Literary and spoken, a little old-fashioned, and not available for every verb.
| já | jezdíval / jezdívala jsem |
| ty | jezdíval / jezdívala jsi |
| on / ona / ono | jezdíval / jezdívala / jezdívalo |
| my | jezdívali / jezdívaly jsme |
| vy | jezdívali / jezdívaly jste |
| oni | jezdívali / jezdívaly |
Budu, budeš, bude, budeme, budete, budou + infinitive of an imperfective verb. Describes an action in the future seen as continuing, repeated or as a process. Verbs of motion form it with po-/pů-: půjdu, pojedu, poletím, poběžím (see patterns).
| já | budu jezdit |
| ty | budeš jezdit |
| on / ona / ono | bude jezdit |
| my | budeme jezdit |
| vy | budete jezdit |
| oni | budou jezdit |
The present-tense endings on a perfective verb. Describes a single completed future action with a result. Never combine it with budu.
| já | pojedu |
| ty | pojedeš |
| on / ona / ono | pojede |
| my | pojedeme |
| vy | pojedete |
| oni | pojedou |
L-participle plus bych, bys, by, bychom, byste, by. Expresses a wish, a polite request or an unreal present or future situation: dělal bych, kdybych mohl.
| já | jel / jela bych |
| ty | jel / jela bys |
| on / ona / ono | jel / jela / jelo by |
| my | jeli / jely bychom |
| vy | jeli / jely byste |
| oni | jeli / jely by |
Byl/byla bych + l-participle. Hypothetical about the past: 'I would have been doing'. Formal and written; in speech, the present conditional with kdyby is used.
| já | byl / byla bych jel / jela |
| ty | byl / byla bys jel / jela |
| on / ona / ono | byl / byla / bylo by jel / jela / jelo |
| my | byli / byly bychom jeli / jely |
| vy | byli / byly byste jeli / jely |
| oni | byli / byly by jeli / jely |
Czech has no separate subjunctive; the conditional particle by attached to the conjunction aby / abych / abys / abychom / abyste does the job, with the l-participle: abych dělal. It marks purpose, wish, request, command reported indirectly, and doubt. Imperfective: a process, an ongoing or repeated action.
| já | abych jel / jela |
| ty | abys jel / jela |
| on / ona / ono | aby jel / jela / jelo |
| my | abychom jeli / jely |
| vy | abyste jeli / jely |
| oni | aby jeli / jely |
Ať + 3rd person present expresses a wish or a command directed at someone else ('let him ...', 'may he ...'). The forms for 1st person and 2nd person singular are rare and idiomatic ('ať dělám, co dělám').
| já | ať jedu |
| ty | — |
| on / ona / ono | ať jede |
| my | — |
| vy | — |
| oni | ať jedou |
Ať + perfective present (future): 'let him finish it'.
| já | ať pojedu |
| ty | — |
| on / ona / ono | ať pojede |
| my | — |
| vy | — |
| oni | ať pojedou |
Formed from the present stem: 2nd sg. is the bare stem (dělej, piš, mluv, kupuj), 1st pl. adds -me, 2nd pl. adds -te. Imperfective is used for repeated or general commands, invitations and polite requests.
| já | — |
| ty | jeď |
| on / ona / ono | — |
| my | jeďme |
| vy | jeďte |
| oni | — |
The same on a perfective verb. Commands a single completed action: 'do it now'. Often sounds more direct.
| já | — |
| ty | pojeď |
| on / ona / ono | — |
| my | pojeďme |
| vy | pojeďte |
| oni | — |
Ne- + the imperfective imperative. Negative commands normally use the imperfective, because a prohibition concerns an action in general.
| já | — |
| ty | nejezdi |
| on / ona / ono | — |
| my | nejezděme |
| vy | nejezděte |
| oni | — |
The dictionary form; ends in -t (-ct in a few verbs: moct, péct). Used after modal and phase verbs, with budu for the future and as the second part of the imperfective future.
| jet |
The base of the past tense and conditional; it agrees in gender and number: -l, -la, -lo, -li, -ly (the masculine plural -li for animate nouns, -ly otherwise).
| jel / jela / jelo / jeli / jely |
Formed from the 3rd person plural + -cí (dělající, píšící). It works as an adjective, and is common in writing: studující student. It cannot form tenses.
| jedoucí |
Formed with -ní/-tí. It names the activity: psaní, dělání, kupování. Neuter, declined like stavení.
| jetí |
LITERARY: mark as formal or archaic; masculine singular / feminine and neuter singular / plural: dělaje / dělajíc / dělajíce. Describes an action simultaneous with the main verb, from imperfective verbs.
| jeda / jedouc / jedouce |
| Zítra jedu vlakem do Brna. | Tomorrow I am going to Brno by train. |
| Jeď opatrně! | Drive carefully! |
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