Conjugation › Czech › Moct
Czech · Verb Tables · Advanced
moct means "to be able to" in Czech. Present (imperfective): já mohu / můžu, ty můžeš, on / ona / ono může, my můžeme, vy můžete, oni mohou / můžou. Below: all 10 tenses we teach, with examples.
Imperfective verbs in the present describe what is happening now, what happens regularly, or general facts. Czech has no separate continuous tense, so 'I am writing' is also píšu. Perfective verbs have no real present (see Perfective present, below).
| já | mohu / můžu |
| ty | můžeš |
| on / ona / ono | může |
| my | můžeme |
| vy | můžete |
| oni | mohou / můžou |
L-participle plus jsem/jsi/jsme/jste; no auxiliary in the 3rd person. Shows a past action in progress, repeated, or without regard to the result: where English uses 'was doing', 'used to do' or 'did'. Masculine / feminine given; the neuter is -lo.
| já | mohl / mohla jsem |
| ty | mohl / mohla jsi |
| on / ona / ono | mohl / mohla / mohlo |
| my | mohli / mohly jsme |
| vy | mohli / mohly jste |
| oni | mohli / mohly |
Budu, budeš, bude, budeme, budete, budou + infinitive of an imperfective verb. Describes an action in the future seen as continuing, repeated or as a process. Verbs of motion form it with po-/pů-: půjdu, pojedu, poletím, poběžím (see patterns).
| já | budu moci |
| ty | budeš moci |
| on / ona / ono | bude moci |
| my | budeme moci |
| vy | budete moci |
| oni | budou moci |
L-participle plus bych, bys, by, bychom, byste, by. Expresses a wish, a polite request or an unreal present or future situation: dělal bych, kdybych mohl.
| já | mohl / mohla bych |
| ty | mohl / mohla bys |
| on / ona / ono | mohl / mohla / mohlo by |
| my | mohli / mohly bychom |
| vy | mohli / mohly byste |
| oni | mohli / mohly by |
Byl/byla bych + l-participle. Hypothetical about the past: 'I would have been doing'. Formal and written; in speech, the present conditional with kdyby is used.
| já | byl / byla bych mohl / mohla |
| ty | byl / byla bys mohl / mohla |
| on / ona / ono | byl / byla / bylo by mohl / mohla / mohlo |
| my | byli / byly bychom mohli / mohly |
| vy | byli / byly byste mohli / mohly |
| oni | byli / byly by mohli / mohly |
Czech has no separate subjunctive; the conditional particle by attached to the conjunction aby / abych / abys / abychom / abyste does the job, with the l-participle: abych dělal. It marks purpose, wish, request, command reported indirectly, and doubt. Imperfective: a process, an ongoing or repeated action.
| já | abych mohl / mohla |
| ty | abys mohl / mohla |
| on / ona / ono | aby mohl / mohla / mohlo |
| my | abychom mohli / mohly |
| vy | abyste mohli / mohly |
| oni | aby mohli / mohly |
Ať + 3rd person present expresses a wish or a command directed at someone else ('let him ...', 'may he ...'). The forms for 1st person and 2nd person singular are rare and idiomatic ('ať dělám, co dělám').
| já | ať mohu / můžu |
| ty | — |
| on / ona / ono | ať může |
| my | — |
| vy | — |
| oni | ať mohou / můžou |
The dictionary form; ends in -t (-ct in a few verbs: moct, péct). Used after modal and phase verbs, with budu for the future and as the second part of the imperfective future.
| moct / moci |
The base of the past tense and conditional; it agrees in gender and number: -l, -la, -lo, -li, -ly (the masculine plural -li for animate nouns, -ly otherwise).
| mohl / mohla / mohlo / mohli / mohly |
Formed from the 3rd person plural + -cí (dělající, píšící). It works as an adjective, and is common in writing: studující student. It cannot form tenses.
| mohoucí |
| Můžete mi pomoct? | Can you help me? |
| Kdybys mohl, přijď dřív. | If you can, come earlier. |
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