Conjugation › Czech › Muset
Czech · Verb Tables · Advanced
muset means "to must" in Czech. Present (imperfective): já musím, ty musíš, on / ona / ono musí, my musíme, vy musíte, oni musí. Below: all 9 tenses we teach, with examples.
Imperfective verbs in the present describe what is happening now, what happens regularly, or general facts. Czech has no separate continuous tense, so 'I am writing' is also píšu. Perfective verbs have no real present (see Perfective present, below).
| já | musím |
| ty | musíš |
| on / ona / ono | musí |
| my | musíme |
| vy | musíte |
| oni | musí |
L-participle plus jsem/jsi/jsme/jste; no auxiliary in the 3rd person. Shows a past action in progress, repeated, or without regard to the result: where English uses 'was doing', 'used to do' or 'did'. Masculine / feminine given; the neuter is -lo.
| já | musel / musela jsem |
| ty | musel / musela jsi |
| on / ona / ono | musel / musela / muselo |
| my | museli / musely jsme |
| vy | museli / musely jste |
| oni | museli / musely |
Budu, budeš, bude, budeme, budete, budou + infinitive of an imperfective verb. Describes an action in the future seen as continuing, repeated or as a process. Verbs of motion form it with po-/pů-: půjdu, pojedu, poletím, poběžím (see patterns).
| já | budu muset |
| ty | budeš muset |
| on / ona / ono | bude muset |
| my | budeme muset |
| vy | budete muset |
| oni | budou muset |
L-participle plus bych, bys, by, bychom, byste, by. Expresses a wish, a polite request or an unreal present or future situation: dělal bych, kdybych mohl.
| já | musel / musela bych |
| ty | musel / musela bys |
| on / ona / ono | musel / musela / muselo by |
| my | museli / musely bychom |
| vy | museli / musely byste |
| oni | museli / musely by |
Byl/byla bych + l-participle. Hypothetical about the past: 'I would have been doing'. Formal and written; in speech, the present conditional with kdyby is used.
| já | byl / byla bych musel / musela |
| ty | byl / byla bys musel / musela |
| on / ona / ono | byl / byla / bylo by musel / musela / muselo |
| my | byli / byly bychom museli / musely |
| vy | byli / byly byste museli / musely |
| oni | byli / byly by museli / musely |
Czech has no separate subjunctive; the conditional particle by attached to the conjunction aby / abych / abys / abychom / abyste does the job, with the l-participle: abych dělal. It marks purpose, wish, request, command reported indirectly, and doubt. Imperfective: a process, an ongoing or repeated action.
| já | abych musel / musela |
| ty | abys musel / musela |
| on / ona / ono | aby musel / musela / muselo |
| my | abychom museli / musely |
| vy | abyste museli / musely |
| oni | aby museli / musely |
Ať + 3rd person present expresses a wish or a command directed at someone else ('let him ...', 'may he ...'). The forms for 1st person and 2nd person singular are rare and idiomatic ('ať dělám, co dělám').
| já | ať musím |
| ty | — |
| on / ona / ono | ať musí |
| my | — |
| vy | — |
| oni | ať musí |
The dictionary form; ends in -t (-ct in a few verbs: moct, péct). Used after modal and phase verbs, with budu for the future and as the second part of the imperfective future.
| muset |
The base of the past tense and conditional; it agrees in gender and number: -l, -la, -lo, -li, -ly (the masculine plural -li for animate nouns, -ly otherwise).
| musel / musela / muselo / museli / musely |
| Musím jít na poštu. | I have to go to the post office. |
| Nemusíš chodit. | You do not have to come. |
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