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Täytyä Conjugation

täytyä means "to have to / must" in Finnish. Present: täytyy. Below: all 19 tenses we teach, with examples.

Present Preesens

Weak-grade stem + personal endings (-n, -t, vowel lengthening, -mme, -tte, -vat/-vät). It also covers the future, because Finnish has no separate future tense; context and time words (huomenna, ensi viikolla) show it.

täytyy

Imperfect (Simple Past) Imperfekti

Past stem in -i- + endings. It is the normal narrative past and also answers 'did you ...?'. Gradation often returns the strong grade in the 3rd person (luin but luki).

täytyi

Perfect Perfekti

Present of olla + past active participle (-nut/-nyt; plural -neet). Used for results and experience up to now, as in English, often with jo (already) or koskaan (ever).

on täytynyt

Pluperfect Pluskvamperfekti

Imperfect of olla + past active participle. Used for something finished before another past moment.

oli täytynyt

Present (Negative) Preesens, kielteinen

The negative verb (en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät) + the bare present stem (connegative, weak grade, no personal ending). The negative verb carries person; the main verb never changes.

ei täydy

Imperfect (Negative) Imperfekti, kielteinen

Negative verb + past active participle (singular -nut, plural -neet). The participle agrees in number with the subject, not the person.

ei täytynyt

Perfect (Negative) Perfekti, kielteinen

Negative verb + ole + past active participle.

ei ole täytynyt

Pluperfect (Negative) Pluskvamperfekti, kielteinen

Negative verb + ollut/olleet + past active participle.

ei ollut täytynyt

Present Conditional Konditionaalin preesens

Stem + -isi- + personal endings. It is used for polite requests, wishes and hypotheticals ('would'), in both the main and the jos-clause.

täytyisi

Perfect Conditional Konditionaalin perfekti

olisi- forms + past active participle: 'would have'. Used for unreal past situations and regrets.

olisi täytynyt

Present Conditional (Negative) Konditionaalin preesens, kielteinen

Negative verb + conditional 3rd-person form (it never changes for person).

ei täytyisi

Perfect Conditional (Negative) Konditionaalin perfekti, kielteinen

Negative verb + olisi + past active participle.

ei olisi täytynyt

Present Potential Potentiaalin preesens

Stem + -ne- + personal endings. Literary and formal; expresses probability ('probably, presumably'). Rare in speech; the commonest forms are lienee, tullee and tietänee.

täytynee

Perfect Potential Potentiaalin perfekti

lie- forms + past active participle: 'has probably ...'. Newspaper and legal style.

lienee täytynyt

Present Potential (Negative) Potentiaalin preesens, kielteinen

Negative verb + potential stem without personal ending (connegative -ne).

ei täytyne

Perfect Potential (Negative) Potentiaalin perfekti, kielteinen

Negative verb + liene + past active participle.

ei liene täytynyt

First Infinitive I infinitiivi

The dictionary form (-a/-ä, -da/-dä, -la/-na/-ra/-sta, -ta/-tä). It follows verbs such as haluta, voida, osata, aikoa and täytyy.

täytyä

Present Active Participle Aktiivin preesensin partisiippi

-va/-vä (from the 3rd plural). Used like an adjective or as a relative clause ('who/which does').

täytyvä

Past Active Participle Aktiivin perfektin partisiippi

-nut/-nyt (plural -neet). Forms the perfect and pluperfect; also an adjective ('who has done').

täytynyt / täytyneet

Examples

Minun täytyy mennä nyt.	I have to go now.
Hänen täytyisi levätä enemmän.	He/she should rest more.

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