Conjugation › Greek › Kséro
Greek · Verb Tables · Advanced
ξέρω (kséro) means "to know" in Greek. Present: εγώ (egó) ξέρω (kséro), εσύ (esí) ξέρεις (kséris), αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) ξέρει (kséri), εμείς (emís) ξέρουμε (kséroume), εσείς (esís) ξέρετε (ksérete), αυτοί (aftí) ξέρουν (kséroun). Below: all 8 tenses we teach, with examples.
Present (imperfective) stem + personal endings. Covers "I write" and "I am writing", habits, general truths and scheduled near-future events. Greek has no separate present continuous.
| εγώ (egó) | ξέρω (kséro) |
| εσύ (esí) | ξέρεις (kséris) |
| αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) | ξέρει (kséri) |
| εμείς (emís) | ξέρουμε (kséroume) |
| εσείς (esís) | ξέρετε (ksérete) |
| αυτοί (aftí) | ξέρουν (kséroun) |
Imperfective past: augment ε- (when the stress allows) + imperfective stem + past endings. Used for repeated, habitual or ongoing past actions, and for backgrounds ("I used to write", "I was writing").
| εγώ (egó) | ήξερα (íksera) |
| εσύ (esí) | ήξερες (íkseres) |
| αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) | ήξερε (íksere) |
| εμείς (emís) | ξέραμε (ksérame) |
| εσείς (esís) | ξέρατε (ksérate) |
| αυτοί (aftí) | ήξεραν (íkseran) |
θα + present (imperfective) forms. A future action that is ongoing, repeated or habitual ("I will be writing", "I will write every day").
| εγώ (egó) | θα ξέρω (tha kséro) |
| εσύ (esí) | θα ξέρεις (tha kséris) |
| αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) | θα ξέρει (tha kséri) |
| εμείς (emís) | θα ξέρουμε (tha kséroume) |
| εσείς (esís) | θα ξέρετε (tha ksérete) |
| αυτοί (aftí) | θα ξέρουν (tha kséroun) |
θα + imperfect forms. Present or future hypothetical ("I would write") and polite requests (θα ήθελα, θα μπορούσατε). It is also the normal pattern in the main clause of an open or unlikely condition (Αν μπορούσα, θα έγραφα).
| εγώ (egó) | θα ήξερα (tha íksera) |
| εσύ (esí) | θα ήξερες (tha íkseres) |
| αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) | θα ήξερε (tha íksere) |
| εμείς (emís) | θα ξέραμε (tha ksérame) |
| εσείς (esís) | θα ξέρατε (tha ksérate) |
| αυτοί (aftí) | θα ήξεραν (tha íkseran) |
να + imperfective (present) forms. Ongoing, repeated or general action after a trigger.
| εγώ (egó) | να ξέρω (na kséro) |
| εσύ (esí) | να ξέρεις (na kséris) |
| αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) | να ξέρει (na kséri) |
| εμείς (emís) | να ξέρουμε (na kséroume) |
| εσείς (esís) | να ξέρετε (na ksérete) |
| αυτοί (aftí) | να ξέρουν (na kséroun) |
να + imperfect. Unreal or regretted wishes for the present or ongoing past ("if only I wrote", "I wish I were writing"). Often introduced by αν or μακάρι.
| εγώ (egó) | να ήξερα (na íksera) |
| εσύ (esí) | να ήξερες (na íkseres) |
| αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) | να ήξερε (na íksere) |
| εμείς (emís) | να ξέραμε (na ksérame) |
| εσείς (esís) | να ξέρατε (na ksérate) |
| αυτοί (aftí) | να ήξεραν (na íkseran) |
ας + aorist subjunctive. Covers "let me", "let's", "let him / them", also concession ("so be it"). It fills the 1st and 3rd persons that the imperative lacks.
| εγώ (egó) | ας ξέρω (as kséro) |
| εσύ (esí) | — |
| αυτός / αυτή / αυτό (aftós / aftí / aftó) | ας ξέρει (as kséri) |
| εμείς (emís) | ας ξέρουμε (as kséroume) |
| εσείς (esís) | — |
| αυτοί (aftí) | ας ξέρουν (as kséroun) |
Present stem + -οντας (B1 verbs -ώντας, B2 -ώντας). Indeclinable. Expresses a simultaneous action ("while writing", "by writing"). Verbs in -ομαι have no true gerund, hence —.
| ξέροντας (ksérondas) |
| Ξέρω τον δρόμο. kséro ton drómo. | I know the way. |
| Δεν ήξερα ότι ήσουν εδώ. den íksera óti ísoun edó. | I did not know you were here. |
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