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Tsarich Conjugation

צריך (tsarich) means "to need" in Hebrew. Present (participle): אני (ani) צריך (tsarich), אני (ani) צריכה (tsricha), אתה (ata) צריך (tsarich), את (at) צריכה (tsricha), הוא (hu) צריך (tsarich), היא (hi) צריכה (tsricha). Below: all 13 tenses we teach, with examples.

Present (participle) הווה (hove)

The present is the participle (benoni): it agrees in gender and number only, never in person, so the pronoun carries the person. It covers 'I write' and 'I am writing'. For pu'al and huf'al it is the only present-like form (the participle IS the passive present).

Past עבר (avar)

Stem + person endings (-ti, -ta, -t, none, -a, -nu, -tem, -ten, -u); 'I' and 'we' have one form for both genders. It also does the work of the present perfect and the pluperfect ('wrote / has written / had written'); adverbs such as כבר (kvar, 'already') and עדיין לא (adayin lo, 'not yet') make the sense clear.

Future עתיד (atid)

Person prefix (א, ת, י, נ) + stem, with the endings -i (you f.) and -u (plural). Spoken Hebrew uses the masculine plural for the feminine plural as well, and 'she' has the same form as 'you (m.)'. The future also expresses polite requests and, in speech, commands.

Future, literary feminine plural (-נה) עתיד בנקבה רבות (atid benekeva rabot)

Literary and biblical: the feminine plural of the future ('you pl. f.', 'they f.') ends in -נה and differs from the masculine plural. It is met in poetry, the Bible and formal writing; in speech and in most newspapers the masculine plural is used. The vowels of the hif'il, nif'al, pu'al and huf'al forms are unverified.

Present negative, literary (אין + pronoun ending)

In formal writing and speeches the negative of the present is אין + a pronoun ending (אינני, אינך, אינו, אינה, איננו, אינכם, אינם, אינן) + the participle. Everyday Hebrew just puts לא before the participle (אני לא כותב).

Unreal condition, present or future (if only / if I had) תנאי בטל (tnai batel)

לו or אילו ('if', for impossible or unlikely things) + the past of 'be' + the present participle; the result clause has the same היה + participle form. In speech plain אם + היה is also heard.

Unreal condition about the past (אילו + past) תנאי בטל בעבר (tnai batel ba'avar)

אילו or לו + the PAST of the verb for something that did not happen; the result clause uses היה + participle ('would have'). Together with the row above it is the full 'if' system for unreal conditions.

Wish, request, requirement (ש + future)

ש attached to the future form, used after verbs and expressions of wanting, asking, advising, necessity, purpose and doubt (רוצה ש, מבקש ש, חשוב ש, כדי ש, אולי). It plays the role of the subjunctive and stands in for the infinitive when the subjects differ.

Wish with הלוואי (I hope, if only), future

הלוואי ש + future: a hope or an unlikely wish about the future ('I hope he will', 'if only he would'). Spoken and written, mildly emotional.

Wish with הלוואי (I wish I had), past

הלוואי ש + the past tense: regret about something that did or did not happen ('I wish I had / hadn't').

Infinitive שם הפועל (shem hapo'al)

ל + the stem; the form you look verbs up under. The pu'al and huf'al models are cited with להיות + the participle ('to be invited'), because they have no infinitive of their own.

Negative infinitive (and the sign form)

לא + the infinitive. On signs and in rules it replaces the command: לא לעשן 'No smoking', לא להיכנס 'Do not enter'.

Verbal noun שם פעולה (shem pe'ula)

The noun of the action, one per binyan pattern (ktiva, dibur, hazmana, hitlabshut, knisa). It often replaces a 'that' clause in formal style: בכתיבת המכתב 'when writing the letter'. Passive models have no verbal noun of their own.

Examples

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