Conjugation › Hungarian › Kelleni
Hungarian · Verb Tables · Advanced
kelleni means "to must" in Hungarian. Present, indefinite: kell. Below: all 11 tenses we teach, with examples.
Stem + personal ending by vowel harmony (back -ok/-sz/-unk/-tok/-nak; front -ek/-ünk/-tek/-nek; rounded front -ök/-ünk/-tök or -ek/-ünk). Used with no object or an unspecific one. Stems in d, t, s, sz, z often add a linking vowel in the 2nd person (küldesz). The -ik verb dolgozik has -om/-ol and -ik in the singular. It also covers the English continuous; add éppen to stress "right now".
| kell |
Stem + -t- + personal ending: -am/-ál/-Ø/-unk/-atok/-ak (front -em/-él/-ünk/-etek/-ek). The 3rd person singular is the bare t-stem, with a linking vowel when the stem ends in a consonant cluster (küldött, dolgozott). One past covers did, was doing and has done.
| kellett |
Infinitive + conjugated fog (fogok, fogsz, fog, fogunk, fogtok, fognak). In speech the present with a time word often replaces it (Holnap dolgozom). A verbal prefix goes before fog (el fogok menni) in neutral sentences.
| kelleni fog |
Past tense + invariant volt: the completed past before another past event. Written and formal; in speech the simple past is used.
| kellett volt |
Stem + -na/-ne + ending (1st sg -nék/-nék, 2nd sg -nál/-nél). Polite requests (Kérnék egy kávét), wishes, advice and unreal "if" clauses (Ha lenne időm, olvasnék). Rounded-front/d-stems add -e- (küldenék).
| kellene / kéne |
Past tense + volna: unreal past (Ha tudtam volna, szóltam volna). Volna is invariant and never takes the personal ending.
| kellett volna |
Stem + -j- (assimilated after s, sz, z, dz: dolgozz, olvass) + ending: -jak/-j(ál)/-jon/-junk/-jatok/-janak. Command in the 2nd person; wish or exhortation in the 1st and 3rd; the 3rd person is also the polite ön/önök command (Jöjjön be!). The negative uses ne + the same form: Ne várj!
| kelljen |
The dictionary form: -ni, with linking -e- after some consonants (küldeni). Used after modals (tud, akar, kell, lehet, szabad, szeret) and in the future with fog.
| kelleni |
Stem + -ó/-ő: the person doing the action; also an adjective or noun (váró, kérő, küldő, dolgozó). Can be nominalized: a váró "waiting room".
| kellő |
Past stem without the ending: completed action (várt, kért, küldött, dolgozott). Passive meaning for transitive verbs: a küldött levél "the letter that was sent".
| kellett |
Stem + -andó/-endő: something that is to be done, must be done or is expected (várandó, kérendő, küldendő, dolgozandó). Várandó also means "expectant (pregnant)". Formal and written; not from -ik verbs in everyday use.
| kellendő |
| Mennem kell. | I have to go. |
| Holnap korán kell kelnem. | I have to get up early tomorrow. |
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