Conjugation › Russian › Davat'
Russian · Verb Tables · Advanced
давать (davat') means "to give" in Russian. Present: я (ya) даю (dayu), ты (ty) даёшь (dayosh'), он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) даёт (dayot), мы (my) даём (dayom), вы (vy) даёте (dayote), они (oni) дают (dayut). Below: all 16 tenses we teach, with examples.
Imperfective verbs only — perfective verbs have no present tense. Stem + personal endings, expresses actions happening now, repeated/habitual actions, and general truths; also covers what English marks as the present continuous.
| я (ya) | даю (dayu) |
| ты (ty) | даёшь (dayosh') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | даёт (dayot) |
| мы (my) | даём (dayom) |
| вы (vy) | даёте (dayote) |
| они (oni) | дают (dayut) |
Perfective/imperfective distinction lives in the stem, not the ending: infinitive stem minus -ть + -л (masculine), -ла (feminine), -ло (neuter), -ли (plural) — the same ending set for every verb in the language. Does not mark person, only gender and number; agreement is with the real subject's gender, so "I"/"you (singular)" have separate masculine/feminine forms. Imperfective past describes an ongoing, repeated or general past action, or one whose completion is not in focus.
| я (ya) | давал / давала (daval / davala) |
| ты (ty) | давал / давала (daval / davala) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | давал / давала / давало (daval / davala / davalo) |
| мы (my) | давали (davali) |
| вы (vy) | давали (davali) |
| они (oni) | давали (davali) |
Same -л/-ла/-ло/-ли endings, but on the perfective partner verb's stem (прочитать, поговорить); marks a single completed action or its result, the normal choice for narrating a sequence of finished events.
| я (ya) | дал / дала (dal / dala) |
| ты (ty) | дал / дала (dal / dala) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | дал / дала / дало (dal / dala / dalo) |
| мы (my) | дали (dali) |
| вы (vy) | дали (dali) |
| они (oni) | дали (dali) |
Future of быть (буду, будешь, будет, будем, будете, будут) + imperfective infinitive. Used for ongoing, repeated or general actions in the future, or when the aspect of the action is not being emphasized.
| я (ya) | буду давать (budu davat') |
| ты (ty) | будешь давать (budesh' davat') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | будет давать (budet davat') |
| мы (my) | будем давать (budem davat') |
| вы (vy) | будете давать (budete davat') |
| они (oni) | будут давать (budut davat') |
The perfective verb's present-tense-shaped conjugation (same endings as an imperfective present) automatically carries future meaning, because a perfective verb cannot describe an ongoing present. Used for a single completed action that will happen once.
| я (ya) | дам (dam) |
| ты (ty) | дашь (dash') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | даст (dast) |
| мы (my) | дадим (dadim) |
| вы (vy) | дадите (dadite) |
| они (oni) | дадут (dadut) |
Past-tense form (either aspect) + the invariant, moveable particle бы. There is only one form for past, present and future hypotheticals — context and adverbs (тогда, сейчас, завтра) show the time meant. Used for hypothetical or unreal conditions (usually with если...бы), polite requests and suggestions, and wishes.
| я (ya) | дал бы / дала бы (dal by / dala by) |
| ты (ty) | дал бы / дала бы (dal by / dala by) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | дал бы / дала бы / дало бы (dal by / dala by / dalo by) |
| мы (my) | дали бы (dali by) |
| вы (vy) | дали бы (dali by) |
| они (oni) | дали бы (dali by) |
чтобы (что + бы fused into one word) + past-tense form, used after verbs of wanting, asking, ordering something for someone else to do (хочу, чтобы...), in purpose clauses ("in order that"), and after жаль/жалко for regrets. The subordinate verb always takes this чтобы + past shape regardless of the real time of the wish.
| я (ya) | чтобы я дал / дала (chtoby ya dal / dala) |
| ты (ty) | чтобы ты дал / дала (chtoby ty dal / dala) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | чтобы он дал / она дала / оно дало (chtoby on dal / ona dala / ono dalo) |
| мы (my) | чтобы мы дали (chtoby my dali) |
| вы (vy) | чтобы вы дали (chtoby vy dali) |
| они (oni) | чтобы они дали (chtoby oni dali) |
True 2nd-person imperative: stem + -й (after a vowel), -и (after a consonant, stressed), or -ь (after a single consonant, unstressed) for "you (singular)"; add -те for "you (plural/formal)". 1st-person plural uses давай(те) + infinitive ("let's..."); 3rd person uses пусть/пускай + the ordinary present or simple-future form (a jussive, not a true imperative). Positive commands typically use the perfective aspect for a single expected action.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | дай (day) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть даст (pust' dast) |
| мы (my) | давайте дадим (davayte dadim) |
| вы (vy) | дайте (dayte) |
| они (oni) | пусть дадут (pust' dadut) |
не + the same imperative forms. Negative commands strongly prefer the imperfective aspect (не читай, not не прочитай), because a perfective negative imperative sounds like a warning against something happening accidentally rather than a plain prohibition.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | не давай (ne davay) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть не даёт (pust' ne dayot) |
| мы (my) | давайте не будем давать (davayte ne budem davat') |
| вы (vy) | не давайте (ne davayte) |
| они (oni) | пусть не дают (pust' ne dayut) |
Dictionary form, ending in -ть (or -ти/-чь for some consonant stems). Used after modal words (нужно, можно, хочу) and other conjugated verbs, and as a verbal noun.
| давать (davat') |
Imperfective verbs only: 3rd-person-plural present stem + -щий, declined like an adjective for gender, case and number (citation form is masculine nominative singular). Means "[who/that is] verb-ing".
| дающий (dayushchiy) |
Past-tense stem (either aspect) + -вший (or -ший after a consonant), declined like an adjective. Means "[who/that] verbed / has verbed".
| дававший / давший (davavshiy / davshiy) |
Imperfective, mainly transitive verbs: 1st-person-plural present stem + adjective endings (-ый/-ая/-ое). Fairly bookish; not every verb forms one in everyday use (говорить rarely does — a paraphrase like о чём говорится is used instead).
| даваемый (davayemyy) |
Mostly from perfective transitive verbs: stem + -нный/-тый, declined like an adjective; has a short form (-н/-т, agreeing only in gender/number) used as the predicate of passive sentences. The everyday way to say "is/was done".
| данный, short дан/дана/дано/даны (dannyy, dan/dana/dano/dany) |
Imperfective only: present stem + -я (-а after ж/ш/ч/щ). Invariable; describes an action simultaneous with the main verb's ("while verb-ing").
| давая (davaya) |
Perfective only: past stem + -в (-вши before a reflexive -сь, or -ши after a consonant). Invariable; describes a completed action prior to the main verb's ("having verbed").
| дав (dav) |
| Она даёт детям книги каждый день. Ona dayot detyam knigi kazhdyy den'. | She gives the children books every day. |
| Дай мне, пожалуйста, эту ручку. Day mne, pozhaluysta, etu ruchku. | Give me this pen, please. |
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