Conjugation › Russian › Lit'
Russian · Verb Tables · Advanced
лить (lit') means "to pour" in Russian. Present: я (ya) лью (l'yu), ты (ty) льёшь (l'yosh'), он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) льёт (l'yot), мы (my) льём (l'yom), вы (vy) льёте (l'yote), они (oni) льют (l'yut). Below: all 14 tenses we teach, with examples.
Imperfective verbs only — perfective verbs have no present tense. Stem + personal endings, expresses actions happening now, repeated/habitual actions, and general truths; also covers what English marks as the present continuous.
| я (ya) | лью (l'yu) |
| ты (ty) | льёшь (l'yosh') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | льёт (l'yot) |
| мы (my) | льём (l'yom) |
| вы (vy) | льёте (l'yote) |
| они (oni) | льют (l'yut) |
Perfective/imperfective distinction lives in the stem, not the ending: infinitive stem minus -ть + -л (masculine), -ла (feminine), -ло (neuter), -ли (plural) — the same ending set for every verb in the language. Does not mark person, only gender and number; agreement is with the real subject's gender, so "I"/"you (singular)" have separate masculine/feminine forms. Imperfective past describes an ongoing, repeated or general past action, or one whose completion is not in focus.
| я (ya) | лил / лила (lil / lila) |
| ты (ty) | лил / лила (lil / lila) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | лил / лила / лило (lil / lila / lilo) |
| мы (my) | лили (lili) |
| вы (vy) | лили (lili) |
| они (oni) | лили (lili) |
Same -л/-ла/-ло/-ли endings, but on the perfective partner verb's stem (прочитать, поговорить); marks a single completed action or its result, the normal choice for narrating a sequence of finished events.
| я (ya) | налил / налила (nalil / nalila) |
| ты (ty) | налил / налила (nalil / nalila) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | налил / налила / налило (nalil / nalila / nalilo) |
| мы (my) | налили (nalili) |
| вы (vy) | налили (nalili) |
| они (oni) | налили (nalili) |
Future of быть (буду, будешь, будет, будем, будете, будут) + imperfective infinitive. Used for ongoing, repeated or general actions in the future, or when the aspect of the action is not being emphasized.
| я (ya) | буду лить (budu lit') |
| ты (ty) | будешь лить (budesh' lit') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | будет лить (budet lit') |
| мы (my) | будем лить (budem lit') |
| вы (vy) | будете лить (budete lit') |
| они (oni) | будут лить (budut lit') |
The perfective verb's present-tense-shaped conjugation (same endings as an imperfective present) automatically carries future meaning, because a perfective verb cannot describe an ongoing present. Used for a single completed action that will happen once.
| я (ya) | налью (nal'yu) |
| ты (ty) | нальёшь (nal'yosh') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | нальёт (nal'yot) |
| мы (my) | нальём (nal'yom) |
| вы (vy) | нальёте (nal'yote) |
| они (oni) | нальют (nal'yut) |
Past-tense form (either aspect) + the invariant, moveable particle бы. There is only one form for past, present and future hypotheticals — context and adverbs (тогда, сейчас, завтра) show the time meant. Used for hypothetical or unreal conditions (usually with если...бы), polite requests and suggestions, and wishes.
| я (ya) | лил бы / лила бы (lil by / lila by) |
| ты (ty) | лил бы / лила бы (lil by / lila by) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | лил бы / лила бы / лило бы (lil by / lila by / lilo by) |
| мы (my) | лили бы (lili by) |
| вы (vy) | лили бы (lili by) |
| они (oni) | лили бы (lili by) |
чтобы (что + бы fused into one word) + past-tense form, used after verbs of wanting, asking, ordering something for someone else to do (хочу, чтобы...), in purpose clauses ("in order that"), and after жаль/жалко for regrets. The subordinate verb always takes this чтобы + past shape regardless of the real time of the wish.
| я (ya) | чтобы я лил / лила (chtoby ya lil / lila) |
| ты (ty) | чтобы ты лил / лила (chtoby ty lil / lila) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | чтобы он лил / она лила / оно лило (chtoby on lil / ona lila / ono lilo) |
| мы (my) | чтобы мы лили (chtoby my lili) |
| вы (vy) | чтобы вы лили (chtoby vy lili) |
| они (oni) | чтобы они лили (chtoby oni lili) |
True 2nd-person imperative: stem + -й (after a vowel), -и (after a consonant, stressed), or -ь (after a single consonant, unstressed) for "you (singular)"; add -те for "you (plural/formal)". 1st-person plural uses давай(те) + infinitive ("let's..."); 3rd person uses пусть/пускай + the ordinary present or simple-future form (a jussive, not a true imperative). Positive commands typically use the perfective aspect for a single expected action.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | лей (ley) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть льёт (pust' l'yot) |
| мы (my) | давайте лить (davayte lit') |
| вы (vy) | лейте (leyte) |
| они (oni) | пусть льют (pust' l'yut) |
не + the same imperative forms. Negative commands strongly prefer the imperfective aspect (не читай, not не прочитай), because a perfective negative imperative sounds like a warning against something happening accidentally rather than a plain prohibition.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | не лей (ne ley) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть не льёт (pust' ne l'yot) |
| мы (my) | давайте не будем лить (davayte ne budem lit') |
| вы (vy) | не лейте (ne leyte) |
| они (oni) | пусть не льют (pust' ne l'yut) |
Dictionary form, ending in -ть (or -ти/-чь for some consonant stems). Used after modal words (нужно, можно, хочу) and other conjugated verbs, and as a verbal noun.
| лить (lit') |
Imperfective verbs only: 3rd-person-plural present stem + -щий, declined like an adjective for gender, case and number (citation form is masculine nominative singular). Means "[who/that is] verb-ing".
| льющий (l'yushchiy) |
Past-tense stem (either aspect) + -вший (or -ший after a consonant), declined like an adjective. Means "[who/that] verbed / has verbed".
| ливший / наливший (livshiy / nalivshiy) |
Mostly from perfective transitive verbs: stem + -нный/-тый, declined like an adjective; has a short form (-н/-т, agreeing only in gender/number) used as the predicate of passive sentences. The everyday way to say "is/was done".
| налитый, short налит/-а(налита́)/-о/-ы (nalityy, nalit/-a/-o/-y) |
Perfective only: past stem + -в (-вши before a reflexive -сь, or -ши after a consonant). Invariable; describes a completed action prior to the main verb's ("having verbed").
| налив (naliv) |
| Дождь льёт как из ведра. Dozhd' l'yot kak iz vedra. | It's pouring rain (raining cats and dogs). |
| Налей мне, пожалуйста, немного воды. Naley mne, pozhaluysta, nemnogo vody. | Pour me a little water, please. |
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