Conjugation › Russian › Rasti
Russian · Verb Tables · Advanced
расти (rasti) means "to grow" in Russian. Present: я (ya) расту (rastu), ты (ty) растёшь (rastyosh'), он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) растёт (rastyot), мы (my) растём (rastyom), вы (vy) растёте (rastyote), они (oni) растут (rastut). Below: all 14 tenses we teach, with examples.
Imperfective verbs only — perfective verbs have no present tense. Stem + personal endings, expresses actions happening now, repeated/habitual actions, and general truths; also covers what English marks as the present continuous.
| я (ya) | расту (rastu) |
| ты (ty) | растёшь (rastyosh') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | растёт (rastyot) |
| мы (my) | растём (rastyom) |
| вы (vy) | растёте (rastyote) |
| они (oni) | растут (rastut) |
Perfective/imperfective distinction lives in the stem, not the ending: infinitive stem minus -ть + -л (masculine), -ла (feminine), -ло (neuter), -ли (plural) — the same ending set for every verb in the language. Does not mark person, only gender and number; agreement is with the real subject's gender, so "I"/"you (singular)" have separate masculine/feminine forms. Imperfective past describes an ongoing, repeated or general past action, or one whose completion is not in focus.
| я (ya) | рос / росла (ros / rosla) |
| ты (ty) | рос / росла (ros / rosla) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | рос / росла / росло (ros / rosla / roslo) |
| мы (my) | росли (rosli) |
| вы (vy) | росли (rosli) |
| они (oni) | росли (rosli) |
Same -л/-ла/-ло/-ли endings, but on the perfective partner verb's stem (прочитать, поговорить); marks a single completed action or its result, the normal choice for narrating a sequence of finished events.
| я (ya) | вырос / выросла (vyros / vyrosla) |
| ты (ty) | вырос / выросла (vyros / vyrosla) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | вырос / выросла / выросло (vyros / vyrosla / vyroslo) |
| мы (my) | выросли (vyrosli) |
| вы (vy) | выросли (vyrosli) |
| они (oni) | выросли (vyrosli) |
Future of быть (буду, будешь, будет, будем, будете, будут) + imperfective infinitive. Used for ongoing, repeated or general actions in the future, or when the aspect of the action is not being emphasized.
| я (ya) | буду расти (budu rasti) |
| ты (ty) | будешь расти (budesh' rasti) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | будет расти (budet rasti) |
| мы (my) | будем расти (budem rasti) |
| вы (vy) | будете расти (budete rasti) |
| они (oni) | будут расти (budut rasti) |
The perfective verb's present-tense-shaped conjugation (same endings as an imperfective present) automatically carries future meaning, because a perfective verb cannot describe an ongoing present. Used for a single completed action that will happen once.
| я (ya) | вырасту (vyrastu) |
| ты (ty) | вырастешь (vyrastesh') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | вырастет (vyrastet) |
| мы (my) | вырастем (vyrastem) |
| вы (vy) | вырастете (vyrastete) |
| они (oni) | вырастут (vyrastut) |
Past-tense form (either aspect) + the invariant, moveable particle бы. There is only one form for past, present and future hypotheticals — context and adverbs (тогда, сейчас, завтра) show the time meant. Used for hypothetical or unreal conditions (usually with если...бы), polite requests and suggestions, and wishes.
| я (ya) | рос бы / росла бы (ros by / rosla by) |
| ты (ty) | рос бы / росла бы (ros by / rosla by) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | рос бы / росла бы / росло бы (ros by / rosla by / roslo by) |
| мы (my) | росли бы (rosli by) |
| вы (vy) | росли бы (rosli by) |
| они (oni) | росли бы (rosli by) |
чтобы (что + бы fused into one word) + past-tense form, used after verbs of wanting, asking, ordering something for someone else to do (хочу, чтобы...), in purpose clauses ("in order that"), and after жаль/жалко for regrets. The subordinate verb always takes this чтобы + past shape regardless of the real time of the wish.
| я (ya) | чтобы я рос / росла (chtoby ya ros / rosla) |
| ты (ty) | чтобы ты рос / росла (chtoby ty ros / rosla) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | чтобы он рос / она росла / оно росло (chtoby on ros / ona rosla / ono roslo) |
| мы (my) | чтобы мы росли (chtoby my rosli) |
| вы (vy) | чтобы вы росли (chtoby vy rosli) |
| они (oni) | чтобы они росли (chtoby oni rosli) |
True 2nd-person imperative: stem + -й (after a vowel), -и (after a consonant, stressed), or -ь (after a single consonant, unstressed) for "you (singular)"; add -те for "you (plural/formal)". 1st-person plural uses давай(те) + infinitive ("let's..."); 3rd person uses пусть/пускай + the ordinary present or simple-future form (a jussive, not a true imperative). Positive commands typically use the perfective aspect for a single expected action.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | расти (rasti) — same shape as the infinitive; used as a real command mainly in the set phrase to a child, "расти большой!" |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть растёт (pust' rastyot) |
| мы (my) | давайте расти (davayte rasti) |
| вы (vy) | растите (rastite) |
| они (oni) | пусть растут (pust' rastut) |
не + the same imperative forms. Negative commands strongly prefer the imperfective aspect (не читай, not не прочитай), because a perfective negative imperative sounds like a warning against something happening accidentally rather than a plain prohibition.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | не расти (ne rasti) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть не растёт (pust' ne rastyot) |
| мы (my) | давайте не будем расти (davayte ne budem rasti) |
| вы (vy) | не растите (ne rastite) |
| они (oni) | пусть не растут (pust' ne rastut) |
Dictionary form, ending in -ть (or -ти/-чь for some consonant stems). Used after modal words (нужно, можно, хочу) and other conjugated verbs, and as a verbal noun.
| расти (rasti) |
Imperfective verbs only: 3rd-person-plural present stem + -щий, declined like an adjective for gender, case and number (citation form is masculine nominative singular). Means "[who/that is] verb-ing".
| растущий (rastushchiy) |
Past-tense stem (either aspect) + -вший (or -ший after a consonant), declined like an adjective. Means "[who/that] verbed / has verbed".
| росший / выросший (rosshiy / vyrosshiy) |
Imperfective only: present stem + -я (-а after ж/ш/ч/щ). Invariable; describes an action simultaneous with the main verb's ("while verb-ing").
| растя (rastya) — rare, bookish |
Perfective only: past stem + -в (-вши before a reflexive -сь, or -ши after a consonant). Invariable; describes a completed action prior to the main verb's ("having verbed").
| выросши (vyrosshi) — rare, bookish; in speech people avoid it and rephrase with когда/после того как |
| Спрос на эти услуги быстро растёт. Spros na eti uslugi bystro rastyot. | Demand for these services is growing quickly. |
| Он вырос в маленькой деревне. On vyros v malen'koy derevne. | He grew up in a small village. |
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