Conjugation › Russian › Yekhat'
Russian · Verb Tables · Advanced
ехать (yekhat') means "to go" in Russian. Present: я (ya) еду (yedu), ты (ty) едешь (yedesh'), он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) едет (yedet), мы (my) едем (yedem), вы (vy) едете (yedete), они (oni) едут (yedut). Below: all 14 tenses we teach, with examples.
Imperfective verbs only — perfective verbs have no present tense. Stem + personal endings, expresses actions happening now, repeated/habitual actions, and general truths; also covers what English marks as the present continuous.
| я (ya) | еду (yedu) |
| ты (ty) | едешь (yedesh') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | едет (yedet) |
| мы (my) | едем (yedem) |
| вы (vy) | едете (yedete) |
| они (oni) | едут (yedut) |
Perfective/imperfective distinction lives in the stem, not the ending: infinitive stem minus -ть + -л (masculine), -ла (feminine), -ло (neuter), -ли (plural) — the same ending set for every verb in the language. Does not mark person, only gender and number; agreement is with the real subject's gender, so "I"/"you (singular)" have separate masculine/feminine forms. Imperfective past describes an ongoing, repeated or general past action, or one whose completion is not in focus.
| я (ya) | ехал / ехала (yekhal / yekhala) |
| ты (ty) | ехал / ехала (yekhal / yekhala) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | ехал / ехала / ехало (yekhal / yekhala / yekhalo) |
| мы (my) | ехали (yekhali) |
| вы (vy) | ехали (yekhali) |
| они (oni) | ехали (yekhali) |
Same -л/-ла/-ло/-ли endings, but on the perfective partner verb's stem (прочитать, поговорить); marks a single completed action or its result, the normal choice for narrating a sequence of finished events.
| я (ya) | поехал / поехала (poyekhal / poyekhala) |
| ты (ty) | поехал / поехала (poyekhal / poyekhala) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | поехал / поехала / поехало (poyekhal / poyekhala / poyekhalo) |
| мы (my) | поехали (poyekhali) |
| вы (vy) | поехали (poyekhali) |
| они (oni) | поехали (poyekhali) |
Future of быть (буду, будешь, будет, будем, будете, будут) + imperfective infinitive. Used for ongoing, repeated or general actions in the future, or when the aspect of the action is not being emphasized.
| я (ya) | буду ехать (budu yekhat') |
| ты (ty) | будешь ехать (budesh' yekhat') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | будет ехать (budet yekhat') |
| мы (my) | будем ехать (budem yekhat') |
| вы (vy) | будете ехать (budete yekhat') |
| они (oni) | будут ехать (budut yekhat') |
The perfective verb's present-tense-shaped conjugation (same endings as an imperfective present) automatically carries future meaning, because a perfective verb cannot describe an ongoing present. Used for a single completed action that will happen once.
| я (ya) | поеду (poyedu) |
| ты (ty) | поедешь (poyedesh') |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | поедет (poyedet) |
| мы (my) | поедем (poyedem) |
| вы (vy) | поедете (poyedete) |
| они (oni) | поедут (poyedut) |
Past-tense form (either aspect) + the invariant, moveable particle бы. There is only one form for past, present and future hypotheticals — context and adverbs (тогда, сейчас, завтра) show the time meant. Used for hypothetical or unreal conditions (usually with если...бы), polite requests and suggestions, and wishes.
| я (ya) | поехал бы / поехала бы (poyekhal by / poyekhala by) |
| ты (ty) | поехал бы / поехала бы (poyekhal by / poyekhala by) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | поехал бы / поехала бы / поехало бы (poyekhal by / poyekhala by / poyekhalo by) |
| мы (my) | поехали бы (poyekhali by) |
| вы (vy) | поехали бы (poyekhali by) |
| они (oni) | поехали бы (poyekhali by) |
чтобы (что + бы fused into one word) + past-tense form, used after verbs of wanting, asking, ordering something for someone else to do (хочу, чтобы...), in purpose clauses ("in order that"), and after жаль/жалко for regrets. The subordinate verb always takes this чтобы + past shape regardless of the real time of the wish.
| я (ya) | чтобы я поехал / поехала (chtoby ya poyekhal / poyekhala) |
| ты (ty) | чтобы ты поехал / поехала (chtoby ty poyekhal / poyekhala) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | чтобы он поехал / она поехала / оно поехало (chtoby on poyekhal / ona poyekhala / ono poyekhalo) |
| мы (my) | чтобы мы поехали (chtoby my poyekhali) |
| вы (vy) | чтобы вы поехали (chtoby vy poyekhali) |
| они (oni) | чтобы они поехали (chtoby oni poyekhali) |
True 2nd-person imperative: stem + -й (after a vowel), -и (after a consonant, stressed), or -ь (after a single consonant, unstressed) for "you (singular)"; add -те for "you (plural/formal)". 1st-person plural uses давай(те) + infinitive ("let's..."); 3rd person uses пусть/пускай + the ordinary present or simple-future form (a jussive, not a true imperative). Positive commands typically use the perfective aspect for a single expected action.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | поезжай (poyezzhay) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть едет (pust' yedet) |
| мы (my) | давайте поедем (davayte poyedem) |
| вы (vy) | поезжайте (poyezzhayte) |
| они (oni) | пусть едут (pust' yedut) |
не + the same imperative forms. Negative commands strongly prefer the imperfective aspect (не читай, not не прочитай), because a perfective negative imperative sounds like a warning against something happening accidentally rather than a plain prohibition.
| я (ya) | — |
| ты (ty) | не поезжай (ne poyezzhay) |
| он / она / оно (on / ona / ono) | пусть не едет (pust' ne yedet) |
| мы (my) | давайте не поедем (davayte ne poyedem) |
| вы (vy) | не поезжайте (ne poyezzhayte) |
| они (oni) | пусть не едут (pust' ne yedut) |
Dictionary form, ending in -ть (or -ти/-чь for some consonant stems). Used after modal words (нужно, можно, хочу) and other conjugated verbs, and as a verbal noun.
| ехать (yekhat') |
Imperfective verbs only: 3rd-person-plural present stem + -щий, declined like an adjective for gender, case and number (citation form is masculine nominative singular). Means "[who/that is] verb-ing".
| едущий (yedushchiy) |
Past-tense stem (either aspect) + -вший (or -ший after a consonant), declined like an adjective. Means "[who/that] verbed / has verbed".
| ехавший / поехавший (yekhavshiy / poyekhavshiy) |
Imperfective only: present stem + -я (-а after ж/ш/ч/щ). Invariable; describes an action simultaneous with the main verb's ("while verb-ing").
| едучи (yeduchi) — archaic/dialectal; avoided in modern standard speech |
Perfective only: past stem + -в (-вши before a reflexive -сь, or -ши after a consonant). Invariable; describes a completed action prior to the main verb's ("having verbed").
| поехав (poyekhav) |
| Мы едем на дачу на выходных. My yedem na dachu na vykhodnykh. | We're going to the dacha this weekend. |
| Поезжай осторожно, дорога скользкая! Poyezzhay ostorozhno, doroga skol'zkaya! | Drive carefully, the road is slippery! |
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