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Oturmak Conjugation

oturmak means "to sit" in Turkish. Present: ben otururum, sen oturursun, o oturur, biz otururuz, siz oturursunuz, onlar otururlar. Below: all 16 tenses we teach, with examples.

Present Geniş zaman

Formed with -r/-Ir/-Ar on the stem (chosen by vowel harmony; a dozen common one-syllable verbs are irregular, see "patterns"). Used for habitual actions, general truths, and — very commonly — near-future plans and polite offers.

Present continuous Şimdiki zaman

-Iyor added to the stem (stems ending in a or e raise that vowel to ı/i first). Covers actions happening right now and, like English, scheduled near-future events.

Simple past Görülen geçmiş zaman

-DI (four-way harmony, devoiced to -TI after a voiceless stem). The definite past, for events the speaker witnessed, is certain of, or states as plain fact.

Imperfect (past continuous) Şimdiki zamanın hikâyesi

The present continuous plus idi (-Iyordu): an action in progress at a past moment, "was doing".

Present perfect (reported past) Duyulan geçmiş zaman

-mIş (four-way harmony). Used for hearsay, inference from evidence, or realizing something after the fact; this is also how Turkish expresses the English present perfect ("I have done").

Pluperfect Duyulan geçmişin hikâyesi

The reported past plus idi (-mIştI): an event completed before another past moment, "had done".

Habitual past Geniş zamanın hikâyesi

The aorist plus idi (-Ir/-Ardi): repeated or habitual past actions, "used to do / would do".

Future Gelecek zaman

-EcEk on the stem (softening to -eğ-/-ağ- before a vowel-starting ending). Turkish has one future tense, for plans, predictions and promises.

Future-in-the-past Gelecek zamanın hikâyesi

The future plus idi (-EcEktI): something that was going to happen, often left undone, "was going to do".

Conditional Şart

-sE added directly to the stem, for real or hypothetical "if" clauses and, with keşke, for present wishes.

Conditional perfect Şartın hikâyesi

The conditional plus idi (-sEydI): unreal past conditions and regrets, "if I had (done)...".

Optative İstek

Stem + -(y)E/-(y)A + a type-1 personal ending. Heard constantly as -(y)elim "let's..." and -(y)eyim "let me..."; the 2nd/3rd-person forms exist but sound formal or literary.

Necessitative Gereklilik

Stem + -mElI + personal ending: obligation ("must/should") or, about a state, a confident guess ("must be").

Past necessitative Gerekliliğin hikâyesi

The necessitative plus idi (-mEliydI): an obligation that existed in the past, usually unmet, "should have / had to".

Imperative (affirmative) Emir (olumlu)

The bare stem for sen; -sIn for o; -In/-InIz (formal) for siz; -sInlEr for onlar. There is no ben or biz form.

Imperative (negative) Emir (olumsuz)

Adds the negative -mE before the same endings.

Examples

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